Fig. 4.

Fission/fusion dynamics of mitochondria in HG-induced ROS increase. (A and B) Promoting mitochondrial fusion prevented HG-induced ROS increase. Whereas the ethidium fluorescence increased without tetracycline induction (A Upper and Control in B), Mfn2 overexpression by tetracycline greatly reduced ROS levels in HG (A Lower and Mfn2 in B). (C) Time-lapse images of mitochondria upon HG exposure. Tubular mitochondria (Upper Left) became fragmented in HG (Upper Right). Concurrent fissions occurred within tubules (Lower). Contraction and condensation of mitochondria are apparent (arrows).