Fluorescence spectra of Nile Red maleimide in methanol/water mixtures. (A) Fluorescence spectra of Nile Red maleimide were measured in water with various molar ratios of methanol. The emission maximum was red-shifted and the emission intensity decreased as solvent hydrophobicity decreased. The molar ratios of methanol in water decreasing from the top are 1 (pure methanol), 0.85, 0.65, 0.5, 0.35, 0.25, 0.2, 0.18, 0.15, 0.13, 0.1, 0.06, 0.03, 0 (pure water). (B) Expanded plot of (A), where the emission intensities of Nile Red maleimide are comparable to Cys261-NR. Inset shows that the emission intensity linearly decreases as a function of Δf in this range. Spectra of Cys261-NR and Cys261-NR with unfolded MDH are shown for comparison.