Table 1.

Potential roles for apoE in neuropathology

Effects	References
Protective effects of apoE3
Stimulates neurite outgrowth	48–52
Protects from neurodegeneration	53–54
Protects from cognitive decline	55
Protects tau from phosphorylation	56–57
Antioxidative effect	58–60
Stimulates cholesterol efflux	61–62
Stimulates Aβ clearance	63–64
Stimulates synaptic plasticity	77
Detrimental effects of apoE4
Inhibits neurite outgrowth	48–49
Disrupts neuronal cytoskeleton	48–50
Stimulates tau phosphorylation	65–67
Causes neurodegeneration	53, 54, 68
Causes cognitive decline	55, 69, 70
Causes neurodegeneration by apoE4 fragments	67, 71–73
Potentiates Aβ-induced lysosomal leakage and apoptosis	74
Decreases androgen receptor	70
Enhances Aβ deposition	64, 75, 76