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. 1999 Sep;230(3):392. doi: 10.1097/00000658-199909000-00012

Table 4. MEASURED INTRAOPERATIVE BLOOD LOSS WITH TRANSHIATAL ESOPHAGECTOMY

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* Excludes 3 intraoperative deaths due to hemorrhage, 2 with benign disease and 1 with carcinoma, and 6 surviving patients who experienced inordinate intraoperative blood loss ranging from 5850 to 18,440 cc.