Table 3.
The most constantly expressed genes (n = 38) having at least two-fold change, up- (n = 25) or down- (n = 15) regulation, simultaneously in 2 of 8 discordant identical twins with MS when compared to their healthy siblings.
| Gene group/symbol | GenBank accession no. | Description | Up (↑) or down (↓) – regulation of genes |
| Basic transcription factors | |||
| POU3F1 | NM_002699 | POU domain, class 3, transcription factor 1 | ↑ |
| NKX2-5 | NM_004387 | Cardiac-specific homeobox | ↑ |
| PHOX2A | NM_005169 | Aristaless (drosophila) homeobox | ↑ |
| Cell surface antigens | |||
| MX2 | M30818 | Myxovirus (influenza) resistance 2 | ↑ |
| LY6E | NM_002346 | Lymphocyte antigen 6 complex, locus E | ↑ |
| NKG7 | NM_005601 | Natural killer cell group 7 sequence | ↓ |
| ITGAL | NM_002209 | Integrin, alpha L, lymphocyte function-associated antigen 1 (CD11A) | ↓ |
| CD4 | M12807 | T cell surface glycoprotein CD4 antigen (p55) | ↓ |
| Growth factors, cytokines and chemokines | |||
| PPBP | M54995 | Pro-platelet basic protein | ↓ |
| SCGF | D86586 | Stem cell growth factor | ↓ |
| Intracellular transducers/effectors/modulators | |||
| VBP1 | NM_003372 | Von Hippel-Lindau binding protein 1 | ↑ |
| STK3 | NM_006281 | Serine/threonine kinase 3 (STE20 homolog, yeast) | ↑ and ↓ |
| Metabolism | |||
| HBA1 | NM_000558 | Hemoglobin, alpha 1 | ↑ |
| HBA2 | NM_000517 | Hemoglobin, alpha 2 | ↑ |
| HBB | NM_000518 | Hemoglobin, beta | ↑ |
| ECH1 | NM_001398 | Enoyl Coentzyme A hydratase 1, peroxisomal | ↑ |
| ARSA | NM_000487 | Arylsulfatase A | ↑ |
| HPRT1 | V00530 | Hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferase1 | ↓ |
| GAPD | X01677 | Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase | ↓ |
| Ribosomal proteins | |||
| RPS9 | U14971 | Ribosomal protein S9 | ↑ |
| RPS12 | NM_001016 | Ribosomal protein S12 | ↑ |
| RPS20 | NM_001023 | Ribosomal protein S20 | ↑ |
| RPS29 | NM_001032 | Ribosomal protein S29 | ↑ |
| RPL3 | NM_000967 | Ribosomal protein L3 | ↑ |
| RPL9 | NM_000661 | Ribosomal protein L9 | ↑ |
| RPL39 | NM_001000 | Ribosomal protein L39 | ↑ |
| LAMR1 | U43901 | Laminin receptor 1 | ↑ and ↓ |
| RPS5 | NM_001009 | Ribosomal protein S5 | ↓ |
| RPL27A | NM_000990 | Ribosomal protein L27a | ↓ |
| RPL30 | NM_000989 | Ribosomal protein L30 | ↓ |
| RPL38 | NM_000999 | Ribosomal protein L38 | ↓ |
| Others | |||
| G1P3 | X02492 | Interferon-induced protein (6–16, IFI6-16) | ↑ |
| LAPTM5 | NM_006762 | Lysosomal-associated multispanning membrane protein-5 | ↑ |
| AMH | NM_000479 | Anti-Mullerian hormone | ↑ |
| GPR6 | NM_005284 | G protein-coupled receptor 6 | ↑ |
| BNIP3L | NM_004331 | BCL2/adenovirus E1B 19 kD-interacting protein 3-like | ↑ |
| ACTB | X00351 | Actin, beta | ↓ |