Table 2.
Multivariable Longitudinal Regression Results of Predictors of Medical Service Utilization Among Adults with HIV Infection and Alcohol Problems (n= 1045 observations)
| IRR† (95% CI) | |||
| Ambulatory | Emergency Room | Hospitalization | |
| Age | 1.01 (1.00, 1.03) | 1.00 (0.98, 1.01) | 1.02 (1.00, 1.04) |
| Female | 1.44 (1.11, 1.87)* | 1.50 (1.11, 2.03)** | 1.64 (1.11, 2.42)* |
| Race/ethnicity | |||
| Black | 0.86 (0.68, 1.08) | 0.99 (0.74, 1.31) | 1.30 (0.87, 1.92) |
| Hispanic | 0.63 (0.50, 0.77)*** | 0.81 (0.56, 1.18) | 0.73 (0.44, 1.23) |
| White | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Lower CD4 cell count ‡ | 1.05 (1.01–1.10)* | 1.07 (0.98, 1.20) | 1.10 (1.03, 1.16)** |
| HIV RNA viral load log10 | 1.00 (0.94, 1.05) | 1.00 (0.94, 1.07) | 1.01 (0.92, 1.10) |
| Antiretroviral medication use | 1.06 (0.86, 1.31) | 0.91 (0.72, 1.15) | 1.00 (0.72, 1.39) |
| Adherence intervention randomization assignment | |||
| Intervention group | 1.28 (1.01, 1.62)* | 1.11 (0.82, 1.51) | 1.46 (0.99, 2.16) |
| Control group | 1.32 (1.04, 1.68)* | 0.88 (0.65, 1.19) | 1.07 (0.73, 1.57) |
| Not a participant § | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Alcohol addiction severity (ASI-alcohol)|| | 1.92 (1.25, 2.94)** | 1.13 (0.67, 1.93) | 1.54 (0.69, 3.44) |
| Drug addiction severity (ASI-drug) || | 1.47 (0.59, 3.64) | 2.29 (0.87, 6.06) | 4.38 (1.18, 16.33)* |
| Depressive symptoms (CES-D) | 1.01 (1.00, 1.01) | 1.02 (1.01, 1.03) ** | 1.02 (1.01, 1.03)*** |
| Homelessness (any versus none) | 1.10 (0.91, 1.32) | 1.95 (1.55, 2.45)*** | 1.90 (1.41, 2.57)*** |
* P < 0.05
** P < 0.05
*** P < 0.005
† IRR: incidence rate ratio of medical service utilization for 6-month observation period in which homelessness is reported compared to intervals without homelessness. Separate multivariate regression models were constructed for each utilization outcome. Later study time point was associated with lower ambulatory visit utilization rates (df 6, P = 0.003) and lower hospitalization utilization rates (6 df, P = .05). Study time point was not significantly associated with emergency room utilization rate differences.
‡ Per 100 reduction in CD4 cell count
§ Subjects not receiving antiretroviral medications did not participate in the adherence intervention study.
|| Per one point higher score