* Open nonmesh repairs via groin incision, Shouldice 153 and traditional open 330.
† Transabdominal preperitoneal technique, 258. Total extraperitoneal technique, 412.
‡ According to Lichtenstein et al. 5
§ Posterior preperitoneal mesh 340, anterior mesh techniques except anterior tension-free repair according to Lichtenstein et al, 5 234.