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Table 2. CLINICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF LEVEL 1 STUDIES
PBD, preoperative biliary stenting; SE, standard error.
* Gallbladder, duodenal, and metastatic cancer.
† No differentiation was made between total and partial pancreatoduodenectomy
‡P < .001, PBD vs. surgery without PBD (Yates’ continuity corrected chi-square test)
§ Hepatic lobectomy, choledochotomies, or bile duct resection.
