Figure 4. Effect of anti-monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP-1) monoclonal antibody on the interleukin (IL)-4 production by normal T cells cultured with 1/2D-Mφ. In a dual-chamber culture system, normal T cells (bottom chamber; cell density, 3 × 105 cells/well) were cultured with 1/2D-Mφ (upper chamber, 6 × 105 cells/well) in the presence or absence of anti-MCP-1 monoclonal antibody (20 ng/mL). As a control, normal T cells were cultured with normal macrophages in the same fashion. Culture fluids harvested 24 hours after cultivation were assayed for IL-4 by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Each bar indicates mean ± standard deviation (n = 4–6).