Egr-1 and NFAT1 bind the proximal hCD154 promoter in vivo. Primary human CD4 T cells were activated for 2 h with phorbol ester and ionomycin and underwent chromatin immunoprecipitation with iso-type control and anti-Egr-1, -Egr-2, -Egr-3, and -NFAT1 Abs as described in Materials and Methods. A, Immunoprecipitated DNA was amplified and quantified by real-time PCR using primers and a probe specific to the proximal hCD154 promoter (see Materials and Methods). Samples were analyzed in triplicate for the test (red, green, and yellow curves) and control (pink, blue, and purple curves) Abs. B, Fold differences in binding relative to control Abs were calculated (see Materials and Methods), and averages and SEs of the means from five independent experiments are depicted for each test transcription factor analyzed.