Schematic representation of KdpD and variants showing the predicted membrane topologies of the proteins used in this study. The numbered boxes represent the transmembrane domains. KdpD (wild type), KdpD-N, KdpD-C, N1-2C, N3-4C, and N1-4C are shown with their associated cytoplasmic regions. H4+C contains transmembrane helix 4 and the C-terminal cytoplasmic region, and H4+C+RR contains two arginine residues introduced N-terminally to helix 4. The C494-894 and C499-894 proteins have a truncation or complete deletion of helix 4, respectively.