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Effect of phage pretreatment of catheter surface on biofilm formation. ♦, mean log CFU/cm2 of viable S. epidermidis 414 recovered from hydrogel-coated catheters; ▪, mean log CFU/cm2 of viable S. epidermidis 414 recovered from hydrogel-coated catheters pretreated with phage 456; ○, mean log CFU/cm2 of viable S. epidermidis 414 recovered from hydrogel-coated catheters pretreated with phage 456 (MHB supplemented with divalent cations). Error bars represent ±standard deviation (n = 3).
