TABLE 1.
Regulation of key genes in P. furiosus potentially related to starch and maltose metabolism
| Gene | Annotation | Cellular locationa | Sugars that upregulate expressionb | Upregulation (fold) on maltose or peptidesc |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| PF0132 | α-Glucosidase | Intracellular | None | None |
| PF0272 | 4-α-Glucanotransferase | Intracellular | ST, MA | MA (26.1) |
| PF0312 | ADP-dependent glucokinase | Intracellular | None | MA (2.1) |
| PF0477 | α-Amylase | Extracellular | None | PEP (5.5) |
| PF0478* | Cyclomaltodextrin glucanotransferase | Extracellular | None | None |
| PF0588 | Phosphoglucose mutase | Intracellular | None | MA (1.6) |
| PF1256 | Homolog of Thermococcus hydrothermalis α-glucosidase | Membrane | None | None |
| PF1535 | Maltodextrin phosphorylase | Intracellular | ST, MA | MA (2.5) |
| PF1739 | Maltose/trehalose-binding protein (Mal-I) | Membrane anchored | None | MA (6.0) |
| PF1740 | Maltose/trehalose transport (Mal-I) | Membrane | None | MA (11.8) |
| PF1741 | Maltose/trehalose transport (Mal-I) | Membrane | None | MA (10.5) |
| PF1742 | Trehalose synthetase | Intracellular | None | MA (10.7) |
| PF1743 | Maltose/trehalose transcriptional regulator | Intracellular | None | None |
| PF1744 | Maltose transport ATPase (Mal-I) | Intracellular | None | None |
| PF1933 | Maltodextin transport ATPase (Mal-II) | Intracellular | None | MA (2.4) |
| PF1935*d | Amylopullulanase | Extracellular | ST, MA | MA (4.9) |
| PF1936 | Maltodextrin transport (Mal-II) | Membrane | ST, MA | MA (5.4) |
| PF1937 | Maltodextrin transport (Mal-II) | Membrane | None | MA (5.9) |
| PF1938 | Maltodextrin-binding protein (Mal-II) | Membrane anchored | ST, MA | MA (4.4) |
| PF1939 | Maltodextrinase/cyclodextrinase/pullulanase | Intracellular | None | None |
a
As predicted by analysis for membrane domains. Those listed as extracellular may be anchored to the membrane.
b
Regulation of expression by starch (ST) or maltose (MA) is indicated. See Fig. 2 and 3 for details of the extent of regulation. The expression of none of the genes was upregulated by any of the other four sugars (laminarin, barley glucan, cellobiose, and chitin).
c
Genes that are significantly upregulated (>2-fold, P < 0.01) by maltose (MA) or peptides (PEP). Data obtained from Schut et al. (38).
d
The microarray results for PF1935* correspond to those of the originally annotated PF1935. See the text for details.