Figure 3.

Vagus nerve stimulation does not inhibit TNF in nicotinic acetylcholine receptor α7 subunit–deficient mice. α7 Subunit–deficient mice (−/−) or age- and sex-matched wild-type littermates (+/+) were subjected to either sham operation (Sham) or vagus nerve stimulation (VNS, left vagus, 1 volt, 2 ms, 1 Hz); blood was collected 2 h after endotoxin administration. Serum TNF levels were determined by ELISA. Sham α7^+/+, n = 10; VNS α7^+/+, Sham α7^−/−, VNS α7^−/−, n = 11. *P < 0.05 compared with Sham α^7+/+. Taken from Wang and others (105) with Nature’s copyright permission: <http://www.nature.com>.