Table 6.
Association between foods consumption and serum folate status in the study sample of Cretan adults.
| Odds ratio (95% CI) for low serum folate (<1st quartile, age- & gender-specific) | ||
| Unadjusted1 | Multivariate-adjusted2 | |
| Bread | ||
| None | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) |
| <90 g | 0.81 (0.38–1.73) | 0.76 (0.35–1.64) |
| ≥90 g | 0.74 (0.35–1.58) | 0.71 (0.33–1.52) |
| p = 0.451 | p = 0.428 | |
| Cereals | ||
| None | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) |
| <90 g | 1.47 (0.82–2.63) | 1.46 (0.79–2.68) |
| ≥90 g | 1.74 (1.01–3.02) | 1.75 (0.98–3.12) |
| p = 0.045 | p = 0.057 | |
| Potatoes | ||
| None | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) |
| <122 g | 0.54 (0.26–1.12) | 0.53 (0.25–1.12) |
| ≥122 g | 0.41 (0.19–0.88) | 0.42 (0.19–0.91) |
| p = 0.008 | p = 0.012 | |
| Legumes | ||
| None | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) |
| <300 g | 0.71 (0.28–1.80) | 0.73 (0.28–1.88) |
| ≥300 g | 0.44 (0.20–1.02) | 0.39 (0.16–0.97) |
| p = 0.042 | p = 0.037 | |
| Vegetables | ||
| None | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) |
| <190 g | 0.71 (0.37–1.35) | 0.69 (0.36–1.35) |
| ≥190 g | 0.41 (0.21–0.81) | 0.39 (0.19–0.78) |
| p = 0.006 | p = 0.005 | |
| Fruits | ||
| None | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) |
| <261 g | 0.70 (0.40–1.23) | 0.67 (0.37–1.21) |
| ≥261 g | 0.81 (0.46–1.41) | 0.89 (0.50–1.59) |
| p = 0.425 | p = 0.645 | |
| Fruits and/or vegetables | ||
| None | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) |
| <360 g | 0.42 (0.16–1.08) | 0.31 (0.11–0.85) |
| ≥360 g | 0.27 (0.10–0.73) | 0.21 (0.07–0.60) |
| p < 0.001 | p = 0.009 | |
| Meat | ||
| None | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) |
| <100 g | 1.30 (0.73–2.33) | 1.46 (0.80–2.65) |
| ≥100 g | 2.52 (1.43–4.44) | 2.51 (1.35–4.65) |
| p = 0.002 | p = 0.004 | |
| Red meat | ||
| None | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) |
| <90 g | 1.40 (0.74–2.65) | 1.49 (0.77–2.90) |
| ≥90 g | 2.31 (1.32–4.05) | 2.31 (1.28–4.19) |
| p < 0.001 | p = 0.005 | |
| Eggs | ||
| None | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) |
| <50 g | 1.09 (0.47–2.56) | 1.16 (0.49–2.78) |
| ≥50 g | 0.45 (0.17–1.19) | 0.50 (0.19–1.33) |
| p = 0.153 | p = 0.248 | |
| Dairy products | ||
| None | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) |
| <130 g | 1.62 (0.86–3.04) | 1.50 (0.78–2.90) |
| ≥130 g | 1.16 (0.61–2.21) | 1.16 (0.60–2.26) |
| p = 0.864 | p = 0.840 | |
| Fish-sea food | ||
| None | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) |
| <85 g | 0.45 (0.21–0.96) | 0.46 (0.21–0.98) |
| ≥85 g | 0.82 (0.43–1.59) | 0.90 (0.46–1.78) |
| p = 0.226 | p = 0.363 | |
1 Logistic regression analysis including consumption of foods (none, below, or above median consumption) as independent variable. P values for linear trends as presented.
2 Logistic regression analysis including consumption of foods (none, below, or above median consumption), district of residence, body mass index, energy intake, consumption of tobacco, coffee, and alcohol as independent variables. P values for linear trends as presented.