Table 4.
Characteristics of published studies of the association between the eNOS genotype (Glu298Asp) and pre-eclampsia included in the meta-analysis
| Study-year (Country) | Study design | Matching | Asp/Asp * genotype (%) | Primiparous (%) Cases Controls | Proteinuria threshold | Systolic/Diastolic blood pressure threshold | Main exclusion criteria | |
| Caucasians | ||||||||
| Hakli T-2003 (Finland) | Case-control | Age | 10.61 | 100 | -- | 0.3 g/24 h | 140/90 | • Hypertension |
| Tempfer CB-2004‡ (Austria) | Case-control | Gestational age and parity | -- | -- | -- | 5 g/24 h | 160/110 | • Cardiac (Hypertension), diabetes mellitus or renal disease • Multiple pregnancies • Autoimmune disorders & history of recurrent miscarriage |
| Oriental | ||||||||
| Yoshimura T-2000 (Japan) | Case-control | Age | 1.17 | 68.7 | 80 | 0.3 g/L | 140/90 | • Cardiac, diabetes mellitus or renal disease • Lupus erythematosus • Multiple pregnancies |
| Kobashi G-2001 (Japan) | Case-control | -- | 0 | 59.2 | 57 | 0.3 g/L | 140/90 | • Hypertension, diabetes mellitus or renal disease • Multiple pregnancies • Amniotic volume abnormalities or fetal anomalies |
| Watanabe H-2001‡ (Japan) | Case-control | -- | 3.12 | -- | -- | 2 g/24h | 160/110 | • Hypertension • Renal disease |
| Ohta K-2004‡ (Japan) | Case-control | -- | 0 | 100 | 100 | 2 g/24 h | 160/110 | • Hypertension, diabetes mellitus, renal disease • Multiple pregnancies • Amniotic volume abnormalities or fetal anomalies |
| Kim YJ (Korea) | Case-control | -- | -- | 21 | 31 | 0.3 g/L | 140/90 | • Hypertension, diabetes mellitus or renal disease • Multiple pregnancies, recurrent miscarriages, fetal growth retardation or abruption placenta |
| Asians | ||||||||
| Yoshimura T-2003‡ (Bangladesh) | Case-control | Age | 3.36 | 44.6 | 51.2 | ≥ 3+ dipstick | 160/110 | • Hypertension, Diabetes mellitus or renal disease • Lupus erythematosus • Multiple pregnancies |
| Afro-Caribbeans | ||||||||
| Hillermann R‡ (South Africa) | Case-control | -- | 1.19 | 100 | -- | 0.3 g/L | --/90 | • Hypertension, diabetes mellitus, renal disease |
| Study-year (Country) | Study design | Matching | Asp/Asp * genotype (%) | Primiparous (%) Cases Controls | Proteinuria threshold | Systolic/Diastolic blood pressure threshold | Main exclusion criteria | |
| Mixed population† | ||||||||
| Landau R-2004 (United States) | Case-control | -- | 5.03 | 55 | 41 | 0.3 g/L | 140/90 | • Hypertension |
| Yu C. KH-2004 (United Kingdom) | Case-control | -- | 7.44 | 56.3 | 69.3 | 0.3 g/24 h | 140/90 | • Cardiac, diabetes mellitus or renal disease • Lupus erythematosus • Multiple pregnancies |
| Serrano NC-2004 (Colombia) | Case-control | -- | 1.14 | 100 | 100 | 0.3 g/24 h | 140/90 | • Cardiac (Hypertension), diabetes mellitus or renal disease • Multiple pregnancies • Lupus erythematosus |
*; Genotype frequency from control subjects. ‡ Studies in which only women with severe pre-eclampsia were included as cases.
†; Landau R included Hispanic and White American women, Yu C.KH included Caucasian, Afro-Caribbean, and Asian women and Serrano N included Hispanic and Afro-Caribbean women.