. 2006 Apr 8;332(7545):820–825. doi: 10.1136/bmj.38751.597963.AE

Table 3.

Associations between mild or moderate/severe amblyopia and education, employment, social activities, unintended injuries, general and mental health in adult life

Outcome	Normal vision (No)	Amblyopia		Adjusted odds ratio (95% CI) (amblyopiav normal vision)	P value
Outcome	Normal vision (No)	Degree	No (%) affected	Adjusted odds ratio (95% CI) (amblyopiav normal vision)	P value
Education (at age 33)^*
Higher educational attainment	4965	Mild	184	1.22 (0.91 to 1.64)	0.189
Higher educational attainment	4965	Moderate/severe	65	0.99 (0.61 to 1.61)	0.962
Employment (at age 33)^†
In paid employment (men)	2416	Mild	69/90 (77)	0.93 (0.55 to 1.60)	0.805
In paid employment (men)	2416	Moderate/severe	22/33 (67)	0.51 (0.22 to 1.17)	0.112
In paid employment (women)	2502	Mild	59/91 (56)	0.92 (0.57 to 1.50)	0.747
In paid employment (women)	2502	Moderate/severe	16/27 (60)	0.71 (0.31 to 1.64)	0.427
Sport and social functioning (at age 23)^‡
Not done any sport in previous month	6592	Mild	117/237 (49)	0.94 (0.71 to 1.26)	0.686
Not done any sport in previous month	6592	Moderate/severe	41/82 (50)	1.07 (0.65 to 1.75)	0.800
Not been dancing in previous month	6592	Mild	101/238 (42)	1.00 (0.76 to 1.34)	0.954
Not been dancing in previous month	6592	Moderate/severe	33/82 (40)	0.88 (0.54 to 1.44)	0.610
Not been to the cinema in previous month	6598	Mild	150/238 (63)	0.87 (0.65 to 1.16)	0.339
Not been to the cinema in previous month	6598	Moderate/severe	49/82 (60)	0.76 (0.46 to 1.25)	0.283
General health (at age 33)^§
Self report of poorer health	3579	Mild	121	1.04 (0.73 to 1.49)	0.839
Self report of poorer health	3579	Moderate/severe	51	1.12 (0.64 to 1.95)	0.700
Mental health (at age 33)^¶
Depression, seen general practitioner or specialist in past 10 years	3578	Mild	21/120 (18)	1.54 (0.93 to 2.56)	0.093
	3578	Moderate/severe	8/50 (16)	1.61 (0.74 to 3.53)	0.233
Psychological distress (malaise inventory score >7)	3471	Mild	9/117 (8)	0.88 (0.41 to 1.90)	0.754
Psychological distress (malaise inventory score >7)	3471	Moderate/severe	4/49 (8)	1.29 (0.44 to 3.79)	0.649
Unintentional injuries (at age 17-33)^‡
Inpatient care	5355	Mild	33/198 (17)	1.56 (1.03 to 2.38)	0.037
Inpatient care	5355	Moderate/severe	9/72 (13)	1.09 (0.50 to 2.40)	0.826
Outpatient care	5356	Mild	104/198 (53)	0.90 (0.65 to 1.24)	0.517
Outpatient care	5356	Moderate/severe	44/72 (61)	1.04 (0.60 to 1.82)	0.882
Road accident as driver	5390	Mild	39/200 (20)	1.28 (0.87 to 1.89)	0.210
Road accident as driver	5390	Moderate/severe	22/72 (31)	2.33 (1.29 to 4.20)	0.005
Injury at work	5390	Mild	39/200 (20)	0.78 (0.52 to 1.17)	0.226
Injury at work	5390	Moderate/severe	17/72 (24)	0.76 (0.40 to 1.45)	0.408

Ordinal regression—odds of achieving higher level of education, independent of actual level considered, adjusted for sex, social class, marital status, ever having strabismus, and treatment for amblyopia.

^†

Adjusted for highest educational attainment, social class, ever having strabismus, and treatment for amblyopia.

^‡

Adjusted for sex, social class, ever having strabismus, and treatment for amblyopia.

^§

Ordinal regression—odds of self report of poorer health, independent of level, adjusted for highest educational attainment, marital status, home behaviour at 16 years, sex, school adjustment at 16 years, previous mental health, and change in social class in previous 10 years.

^¶

Adjusted for highest educational attainment, marital status, home behaviour at 16 years, sex, school adjustment at 16 years, previous mental health, and change in social class in previous 10 years.