FIG. 4.

Role of TTSS-1 effector genes in causing diarrhea in calves. The relative amount of fluid accumulation in bovine ligated ileal loops elicited 8 h after infection with the Salmonella serotype Typhimurium wild type (ATCC 14028) or strains carrying mutations in TTSS-1 effector genes has been reported previously (85, 115) and is shown at the top. Mortality caused in groups of four calves after oral infection at a dose of 10¹⁰ CFU/animal with the Salmonella serotype Typhimurium wild type or strains carrying mutations in TTSS-1 effector genes has been reported previously (99, 100, 115) and is shown at the bottom.