Estimated least-squares means and their standard errors, obtained from repeated measures analysis of variance models, are shown for four study outcomes: rates of apneas and hypopneas (transformed), hyperactivity, attention, and sleepiness. Data are plotted for adenotonsillectomy (▲) and control subjects (■). Stars indicate significant (p<0.05) differences at baseline or one year, or significant time by group interaction (see Table 3).