Table 1.
Patient and Stay Characteristics, Medicaid Index Stays, CHQC Hospitals, 1992–1996 (n=5,299)
| Medical Stays (n=3,788) | Surgical Stays (n=1,511) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Characteristics | Column % | Referred to PAHC (row %) | Column % | Referred to PAHC (row %) |
| Fiscal Year of Discharge | ||||
| 1992 | 10.5 | 7.8 | 9.9 | 8.7 |
| 1993 | 22.6 | 12.1 | 25.6 | 11.4 |
| 1994 | 25.7 | 12.0 | 26.4 | 8.5 |
| 1995 | 27.5 | 13.3 | 26.4 | 12.0 |
| 1996 | 13.7 | 12.9 | 11.7 | 14.2 |
| All Stays | 100.0 | 12.1 | 100.0 | 10.9 |
| Study Condition | ||||
| Acute Myocardial Infarction (AMI) | 4.1 | 10.4 | ||
| Congestive Heart Failure (CHF) | 19.5 | 21.3 | ||
| Gastrointestinal (GI) Hemorrhage | 9.0 | 6.2 | ||
| Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) | 37.6 | 7.5 | ||
| Pneumonia | 24.8 | 12.5 | ||
| Stroke | 5.1 | 20.2 | ||
| Coronary Artery Bypass Graft (CABG) | 9.3 | 22.9 | ||
| Hysterectomy | 42.9 | 2.9 | ||
| Laminectomy | 14.9 | 4.9 | ||
| Lower Bowel Resection | 7.0 | 28.3 | ||
| Prostatectomy | 2.7 | 12.5 | ||
| Hip Replacement | 17.9 | 15.9 | ||
| Vascular Surgery | 5.4 | 29.6 | ||
| Age | ||||
| 18–19 | 2.2 | 1.2 | 1.1 | 6.3 |
| 20–24 | 7.3 | 4.7 | 5.0 | 9.3 |
| 25–29 | 7.2 | 4.8 | 8.3 | 4.0 |
| 30–34 | 9.6 | 6.4 | 15.6 | 5.1 |
| 35–39 | 11.6 | 6.4 | 19.5 | 7.8 |
| 40–44 | 11.0 | 10.8 | 13.1 | 5.1 |
| 45–49 | 11.0 | 11.7 | 10.7 | 13.0 |
| 50–54 | 11.7 | 15.4 | 8.1 | 18.0 |
| 55–59 | 12.7 | 16.4 | 8.3 | 19.8 |
| 60–64 | 15.8 | 23.1 | 10.3 | 24.4 |
| Gender | ||||
| Female (0) | 71.4 | 11.5 | 77.4 | 9.8 |
| Male (1) | 28.6 | 13.4 | 22.6 | 14.6 |
| Race | ||||
| White | 39.0 | 11.8 | 49.2 | 9.0 |
| Black | 57.5 | 12.5 | 47.1 | 13.2 |
| Other | 2.9 | 7.4 | 2.5 | 8.1 |
| Unknown | 0.6 | 4.2 | 1.3 | 0.0 |
| Hospital Length of Stay in Days | ||||
| 1–2 | 7.5 | 2.8 | 6.9 | 1.9 |
| 3–4 | 33.2 | 5.9 | 33.2 | 3.2 |
| 5–6 | 27.9 | 8.1 | 26.7 | 6.7 |
| 7–8 | 13.3 | 14.5 | 11.9 | 15.6 |
| 9–10 | 7.9 | 25.3 | 7.1 | 18.7 |
| 11–12 | 3.8 | 25.9 | 4.4 | 28.4 |
| 13–14 | 2.3 | 36.1 | 3.5 | 30.2 |
| 15–16 | 1.2 | 38.3 | 1.7 | 28.0 |
| 17–18 | 0.9 | 42.9 | 1.3 | 45.0 |
| 19–20 | 0.4 | 71.4 | 1.0 | 20.0 |
| 21–22 | 0.4 | 35.7 | 0.3 | 20.0 |
| 23–24 | 0.3 | 27.3 | 0.5 | 37.5 |
| 25–26 | 0.1 | 66.7 | 0.3 | 75.0 |
| 27+ | 0.9 | 57.6 | 1.3 | 52.6 |
| Admission Source | ||||
| Home | 98.4 | 12.1 | 97.8 | 10.6 |
| Nursing Home | 0.5 | 22.2 | 0.1 | 0.0 |
| Hospital | 0.0 | --- | 1.3 | 31.6 |
| Other | 1.2 | 4.6 | 0.8 | 8.3 |
| Admission from ER | ||||
| No (0) | 15.4 | 13.5 | 80.1 | 7.8 |
| Yes (1) | 84.6 | 11.8 | 19.9 | 23.3 |
| Asthma/COPD | ||||
| No (0) | 52.5 | 14.2 | 89.3 | 11.1 |
| Yes (1) | 47.5 | 9.7 | 10.7 | 8.6 |
| Cancer | ||||
| No (0) | 98.1 | 11.5 | 98.9 | 10.6 |
| Yes (1) | 1.9 | 39.4 | 1.1 | 35.3 |
| Stroke/CVA | ||||
| No (0) | 93.5 | 11.2 | 96.6 | 10.3 |
| Yes (1) | 6.6 | 24.2 | 3.4 | 26.9 |
| Diabetes | ||||
| No (0) | 77.6 | 9.4 | 87.5 | 9.2 |
| Yes (1) | 22.4 | 21.4 | 12.5 | 22.8 |
| Other Medical Conditions Index# | ||||
| 0 | 70.7 | 9.0 | 83.9 | 8.8 |
| 1 | 21.2 | 17.2 | 13.4 | 17.8 |
| 2 | 7.0 | 23.7 | 2.5 | 36.8 |
| 3 | 1.0 | 38.9 | 0.3 | 50.0 |
| 4 | 0.1 | 50.0 | 0.0 | --- |
| 5 | 0.0 | --- | 0.0 | --- |
| Heparin/Coumadin Administered | ||||
| No (0) | 99.4 | 12.0 | 99.9 | 10.8 |
| Yes (1) | 0.6 | 18.2 | 0.1 | 100.0 |
| Medical Devices Present on Admission | ||||
| No (0) | 88.4 | 10.4 | 95.2 | 9.9 |
| Yes (1) | 11.6 | 24.5 | 4.8 | 30.6 |
| Level of Orientation | ||||
| Oriented | 93.1 | 11.4 | 69.0 | 13.1 |
| Some disorientation | 3.6 | 23.7 | 1.8 | 22.2 |
| Unknown | 3.4 | 17.2 | 29.3 | 5.0 |
| Level of consciousness | ||||
| Conscious | 96.6 | 11.8 | 81.4 | 12.2 |
| Some unconsciousness | 2.1 | 19.8 | 0.3 | 0.0 |
| Unknown | 1.3 | 22.5 | 18.3 | 5.1 |
| Decreased Motor Function | ||||
| No | 62.4 | 11.1 | 61.8 | 10.5 |
| Yes | 4.6 | 35.4 | 2.7 | 22.5 |
| Unknown | 33.0 | 10.7 | 35.5 | 10.6 |
| Creatinine Level+ | ||||
| <=3 mg/dL | 87.1 | 11.6 | 69.3 | 12.4 |
| > 3 mg/dL | 3.5 | 28.8 | 0.5 | 37.5 |
| Unknown | 9.4 | 9.9 | 30.2 | 6.8 |
| Albumin Level | ||||
| >=3 g/dL | 63.9 | 11.5 | 51.6 | 11.3 |
| < 3 g/dL | 8.7 | 23.5 | 1.3 | 35.0 |
| Unknown | 27.4 | 9.8 | 47.1 | 9.7 |
| Cholesterol^ | ||||
| < 100 mg/dL | 2.5 | 17.2 | 0.7 | 40.0 |
| 100–119 mg/dL | 3.6 | 11.7 | 0.6 | 11.1 |
| 120+ mg/dL | 46.6 | 13.2 | 31.4 | 11.4 |
| Unknown | 47.3 | 10.7 | 67.3 | 10.3 |
| Predicted Probability of Death“ | ||||
| Decile 1 | 9.9 | 0.8 | 10.0 | 1.3 |
| Decile 2 | 10.0 | 2.6 | 10.0 | 3.3 |
| Decile 3 | 10.0 | 6.9 | 10.0 | 4.6 |
| Decile 4 | 10.0 | 11.9 | 10.0 | 5.3 |
| Decile 5 | 10.0 | 8.2 | 10.0 | 4.0 |
| Decile 6 | 10.0 | 9.0 | 10.0 | 6.0 |
| Decile 7 | 10.0 | 12.1 | 10.0 | 9.9 |
| Decile 8 | 10.0 | 16.1 | 10.0 | 19.2 |
| Decile 9 | 10.0 | 19.3 | 10.0 | 21.9 |
| Decile 10 | 9.9 | 33.9 | 10.0 | 33.1 |
#
Scale from 0–5 indicating the number of the following diagnoses present on admission: tuberculosis/sarcoidosis, AIDS/HIV, cirrhosis, peripheral vascular disease, and ischemic heart disease.
+
Lower creatinine level indicates better clinical condition than higher level.
^
Midrange cholesterol level indicates better clinical condition than low or high level.
“
Predicted probability of death increases from Decile 1 to Decile 10. Probabilities were calculated by CHQC staff. See the text for details.