Table 2.
Mortality, odds ratios (OR) and adjusted odds ratios (AOR) among internally displaced persons in Ampara, Sri Lanka due to the 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami.
| N | mortality | OR (95% CI) | AOR (95% CI) | ||
| Total | 3,533 | 12.9% | |||
| Individual level | |||||
| Age (years) | <5 | 343 | 31.8% | 5.87 (4.03–8.55)*** | 5.90 (4.21–8.26)*** |
| 5–9 | 376 | 23.7% | 3.91 (2.69–5.68)*** | 3.94 (2.74–5.66)*** | |
| 10–14 | 424 | 10.1% | 1.42 (0.94–2.16) | 1.41 (0.92–2.16) | |
| 15–19 | 435 | 9.2% | 1.28 (0.83–1.95) | 1.14 (0.75–1.74) | |
| 20–29 | 748 | 7.4% | 1.00 | 1.00 | |
| 30–39 | 464 | 7.5% | 1.03 (0.66–1.60) | 0.97 (0.63–1.49) | |
| 40–49 | 383 | 8.1% | 1.11 (0.70–1.76) | 1.18 (0.75–1.85) | |
| >50 | 360 | 15.3% | 2.27 (1.52–3.39)*** | 2.53 (1.62–3.96)*** | |
| Sex | Male | 1,732 | 8.2% | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Female | 1,801 | 17.5% | 2.37 (1.92–2.94)*** | 2.79 (2.29–3.39)*** | |
| Location when tsunami hit | own house | 3,042 | 13.8% | 1.00 | |
| someone's house | 31 | 22.6% | 1.82 (0.78–4.25) | ||
| mosque/temple | 3 | 0.0% | 0.00 | ||
| other inside | 52 | 11.5% | 0.81 (0.35–1.92) | ||
| around own house | 204 | 7.4% | 0.50 (0.29–0.85)** | ||
| Beach | 32 | 9.4% | 0.65 (0.20–2.13) | ||
| Sea | 36 | 8.3% | 0.57 (0.17–1.86) | ||
| other outside | 133 | 2.3% | 0.14 (0.05–0.46)*** | ||
| inside total | 3,128 | 13.8% | 2.55 (1.67–3.91)*** | 2.87 (1.44–5.71)** | |
| Outside total | 405 | 5.9% | 1.00 | 1.00 | |
| Pre-existing health problem | No | 3,194 | 12.8% | 1.00 | |
| Yes | 339 | 14.2% | 1.12 (0.81–1.55) | ||
| Household level | |||||
| Living area | Karaitivu | 1,847 | 12.1% | 1.00 | |
| Sainthamarthu | 986 | 14.0% | 1.19 (0.94–1.49) | ||
| Kalmunai | 801 | 13.5% | 1.13 (0.89–1.45) | ||
| Living periods (years) | 0–9 | 661 | 13.6% | 1.00 | |
| 10–19 | 775 | 15.2% | 1.14 (0.85–1.53) | ||
| 20–29 | 1,095 | 12.0% | 0.86 (0.65–1.15) | ||
| >30 | 994 | 11.9% | 0.85 (0.64–1.15) | ||
| Ethnicity | Shinhalese | 10 | 10.0% | 0.80 (0.10–6.36) | |
| Tamil | 1,806 | 12.2% | 1.00 | ||
| Muslim | 1,717 | 13.7% | 1.15 (0.94–1.40) | ||
| Educational level | no school | 260 | 7.7% | 0.46 (0.28–0.75)** | 0.41 (0.20–0.88)* |
| Primary | 887 | 15.3% | 1.00 | 1.00 | |
| secondary | 2,141 | 13.3% | 0.84 (0.68–1.05) | 0.90 (0.65–1.25) | |
| Higher | 245 | 6.9% | 0.41 (0.24–0.70)*** | 0.48 (0.24–0.95)* | |
| Occupation | Farming | 127 | 9.5% | 1.00 | |
| Fishing | 1,433 | 15.4% | 1.75 (0.95–3.22) | ||
| Laborer | 1,122 | 10.3% | 1.11 (0.59–2.06) | ||
| Trader | 155 | 10.3% | 1.10 (0.50–2.43) | ||
| professional | 122 | 6.6% | 0.67 (0.26–1.71) | ||
| Others | 574 | 14.6% | 1.64 (0.87–3.11) | ||
| Fishing | 1,433 | 15.4% | 1.44 (1.18–1.75)*** | 1.38 (1.04–1.85)* | |
| Others | 2,100 | 11.2% | 1.00 | 1.00 | |
| Household income (Rupee) | Nothing | 132 | 12.9% | 1.00 | |
| 1–2999 | 1,221 | 12.0% | 0.93 (0.54–1.59) | ||
| 3000- | 1,348 | 13.4% | 1.05 (0.62–1.79) | ||
| 6000- | 567 | 12.5% | 0.97 (0.55–1.71) | ||
| 10000- | 210 | 16.2% | 1.31 (0.70–2.45) | ||
| 15000- | 55 | 12.7% | 0.99 (0.38–2.54) | ||
| Level of house destruction | less than half | 195 | 4.6% | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| more than half | 308 | 5.5% | 1.21 (0.53–2.77) | 1.52 (0.51–4.55) | |
| Totally | 3,030 | 14.2% | 3.43 (1.74–6.75)*** | 3.79 (1.49–9.66)** | |
* p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001
CI; confidence interval
† Adjusted odds ratios were obtained by a logistic regression model, containing variables for age band, sex, location when tsunami hit, educational level, fishing as an occupation and the house destruction level.