Figure 1.

eATP and extracellular ADP induce O₂⁻ accumulation. A, O₂⁻ accumulation in Arabidopsis leaves 1 h after treatments with eATP, extracellular ADP, and extracellular AMP. The error bars represent sd (n ≥ 8; two independent experiments). All ATP and ADP treatments are statistically significant compared to the buffer or AMP treatments (P ≤ 0.001). B, Images of representative leaves treated with various nucleotides, OGA, or buffer. C, Time course for O₂⁻ accumulation following treatment with 50 μm ATP (black line, white circles; n ≥ 10) or 500 nm ATP (red line, red squares; n = 10) or buffer only (black line, black circles; n = 10).