Table 1.

A comparison of clinical and demographic data for all study groups

	LTC population n = 250, as recorded at admission	Study Sample n = 140 residents	No Pain Complaint Group n = 50	Non Specific Pain Complaint Group *** n = 35	Extremity Pain Group**** n = 30	Back Pain Group n = 19	Neck and Head Pain Group n = 6
Mean Age:	83.25	83.7	83.8	84.5	83.2	83.7	80.5
Minimum	47	51	51	69	65	70	53
Maximum	104	101	98	101	95	98	94
Gender:
Female	62%	69.3%	60%	75%	75%	72%	83%
Male	38%	30.7%	40%	25%	25%	28%	17%
Cognitive Status:
Coherent	Unavailable*	3.6%	0%	0%	0%	7%	16.6%
Mild Dementia	Unavailable*	26.4%	32%	22.2%	35.7%	12%	16.6%
Moderate Dementia	10%	43.6%	40%	36.1%	42.9%	70%	50%
Severe Dementia (Alzheimer's)	2%	26.4%	28%	38.9%	14.3%	11%	16.6%
Ambulatory Status:
Independent	38%	8.6%	12%	5.6%	3.6%	12%	16.6%
Requires Assistance	39%	31.4%	34%	22.2%	32.1%	47%	16.6%
Wheel chair	23%	59.3%	54%	69.4%	64.3%	40%	66%
Bedridden	0%	0.7%	0%	2.8%	0%	0%	0%
Analgesic Use	39%	57%	8%	77.8%	89.3%	82%	100%
Diagnosis of Depression	13%	16.4%	14%	25%	17.9%	5.9%	60%
Diagnosis of OA	9%	25%	6%	19.4%	57.1%	35.3%	50%
Diagnosis of Osteoporosis	17%	27.9%	20%	30.6%	25%	64.7%** (p = 0.001)	0%
# of co-morbidities: Mean ± SD	4.5 ± 2	5 ± 3	4.5 ± 2	5 ± 2	5 ± 3	4.6 ± 2	4 ± 2

*Total LTC population data were abstracted from initial admitting diagnosis and reflects resident's diagnostic information prior to LTC admission. Data on levels of cognitive impairment were inconsistent and unavailable.

**Multivariate regression analysis. Significant association at the p = 0.001 level

*** Reported pain complaint which is nonspecific or undetermined (i.e. MSK (mechanical), malignancy or visceral)

**** Extremity Pain includes shoulder/arm and knee pain