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Model illustrates the regulation of Hoxa9 activity by TGFβ/BMP through Smad4. In primitive myeloid blast, Hoxa9 occupies target gene promoter and regulates its transcription. Upon TGFβ/BMP stimulation, Smad4 translocates into nucleus, where they interact with Hoxa9 or its fusion proteins and inhibit their DNA-binding activity, resulting in myeloid differentiation.
