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Caspases 3 and 9 are required for NS1-induced apoptosis. Transfected cells were incubated with DEVD-FMK to inhibit caspase 3, LEHD-FMK to inhibit caspase 9, or WEHD-FMK to inhibit caspases 1, 4, and 5. Expression was induced with ponasterone A, and apoptosis was assayed by annexin V staining. DEVD-FMK and LEHD-FMK significantly inhibited apoptosis (P < 0.006 and P < 0.008, respectively), while WEHD-FMK had no effect.
