Table 5.
Association between ambient 4-hr PM2.5 and other HRV parameters.
| HRV measure | Percent change | 95% CI | t-Value |
|---|---|---|---|
| SDNN | 1.97 | –2.30 to 6.43 | 0.90 |
| MI | –2.89 | 1.71 to 2.27 | –1.11 |
| COPD | 8.29* | –7.79 to 15.30 | 2.49 |
| RMSSD | –0.92 | –10.19 to 9.30 | –0.18 |
| MI | –11.38 | –23.03 to 2.03 | –1.68 |
| COPD | 9.77 | –5.37 to 27.35 | 1.23 |
| PNN50 | –2.96 | –18.15 to 15.03 | –0.35 |
| MI | –10.18 | –29.94 to 15.17 | –0.85 |
| COPD | –1.19 | –21.07 to 23.70 | 0.10 |
| LF | 14.04 | –1.84 to 32.49 | 1.72 |
| MI | 1.12 | –15.52 to 21.03 | 0.12 |
| COPD | 35.88* | 6.79 to 72.90 | 2.49 |
| HF | 5.03 | –9.96 to 22.52 | 0.62 |
| MI | –6.48 | –25.68 to 17.70 | –0.57 |
| COPD | 19.41 | –4.05 to 48.59 | 1.59 |
| LF:HF ratio | 1.85 | –4.91 to 9.09 | 0.52 |
| MI | –1.28 | –9.16 to 7.28 | –0.30 |
| COPD | 6.68 | –4.02 to 18.59 | 1.20 |
Data are percent change in HRV (overall protocol) expressed per IQR change in 4-hr ambient PM2.5. IQR changes were 10.6, 8.5, and 11.7 μ g/m3 for the 4-hr mean of the SAM sites for all, MI, and COPD participants, respectively. Model does not include heart rate.
*
Statistically significant estimate.