TABLE 3—

Means and Selected Percentiles of Sexual Risk and Drug Risk Scores, by Demographic Traits, Arrest Status, History of Arrest, and Selected DSM-III-R Diagnoses

	Sex Risk Score					Injection Drug Use Risk Score
			Percentiles				Percentiles
	Mean	Significancea	50th	90th	Significanceb	Mean	95th	99th	Significancec	N
Total	26.3		20.3	48.3		1.9	0.0	58.8		948
Race/Ethnicity		.000			.215				.000
African American	25.3		20.3	47.3		0.7	0.0	41.2		373
Non-Hispanic White	33.0		32.2	59.2		7.6	58.8	100.0		311
Hispanic	23.7		18.8	48.3		2.7	7.8	58.8		249
Other	30.0		27.8	52.4		1.6	0.0	58.8		15
Age, y		.190			.091				.000
17	21.0		16.9	57.9		0.0	0.0	0.0		23
18–21	26.0		20.3	47.3		0.4	0.0	0.0		151
22–29	26.4		20.3	50.8		0.9	0.0	48.9		402
30–39	27.4		21.7	51.8		3.4	41.2	58.8		292
≥ 40	24.1		18.8	47.3		5.6	58.8	58.8		80
Arrest charged
Any felony	23.9	.000	18.3	47.3	.010	1.4	0.0	58.8	.422	514
Misdemeanor only	28.8		27.8	52.4		2.4	7.8	58.8		434
Violent felony	18.3	.238	16.7	36.4	.514	0.6	0.0	48.9	.239	35
Felonious property	22.8	.293	16.7	47.3	.198	1.6	7.8	58.8	.956	137
Misdemeanor violence	22.8	.517	16.7	47.3	.221	1.6	7.8	58.8	.980	137
Misdemeanor property	27.4	.352	24.4	51.8	.002	3.2	41.2	58.8	.131	203
Drug charges	25.1	.004	18.8	47.3	.000	1.5	0.0	58.8	.000	226
Prior arrests (self-report; common crime names)e
No prior arrest	18.2		16.7	36.2		0.0	0.0	0.0		131
Any juvenile arrest	29.4	.097	27.8	54.5	.001	2.6	30.5	58.8	.740	255
Any prior arrest (juvenile or adult)	27.5	.000	21.0	51.8	.298	2.1	0.0	58.8	.007	817
Murder or attempted murder	23.6	.403	16.7	32.2	.663	1.8	0.0	58.8	.698	11
Beating somebody	29.2	.481	24.4	51.8	.948	2.8	41.2	58.8	.150	166
Weapons charges	34.3	.020	36.2	59.2	.103	3.1	41.2	58.8	.966	55
Possession of drugs	28.7	.001	24.4	54.1	.002	3.0	41.2	58.8	.020	268
Sale of drugs	27.8	.019	24.4	47.3	.027	3.5	41.2	58.8	.029	104
Prostitution	40.8	.000	43.4	57.9	.000	4.2	41.2	58.8	.000	236
Theft or stealing	28.6	.000	24.4	52.8	.002	3.1	41.2	58.8	.000	381
DSM-III-R lifetime disorder (moderate or severe only)f
No severe disorder	19.7	.000	16.7	43.4	.013	0.0	0.0	0.0	.017	326
Any severe disorder	32.7		27.8	63.8		3.2	41.2	58.8		159
Alcohol dependence	31.0	.001	30.2	54.5	.000	4.5	58.8	58.8	.000	304
Any drug dependence	30.9	.000	30.6	52.4	.006	3.4	41.2	58.8	.000	494

Note. DSM-III-R = Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Revised Third Edition.

^aTests of significance for the mean sexual risk scores were calculated with robust M-estimators. Significant differences indicate differences in the means, correcting for non-normal residuals. See the text for a full justification and details on the procedures we used.

^bTests of significance for percentile distributions of the sexual risk scores were calculated with the Kruskal–Wallis test after subtracting the median from each group. These tests are indicative of differences in the shapes of the distributions after removing differences in central tendency. See the text for a full justification and details on the procedures we used.

^cTests of significance for differences in the injection drug use distributions were computed with maximum-likelihood ordered logistic regression. These tests are indicative of differences in the distributions of injection drug use risk across groups. See the text for a full justification and details on the procedures we used.

^dThe “any felony” and “misdemeanor only” categories are exclusive groups. Tests of significance in the “any felony” row indicate differences between misdemeanants and felons. The specific charges (e.g., violent felony, felonious property) are not exclusive groups. A person can be arrested and charged with, for example, both a violent felony and a drug charge. For this reason, the specific charge types cannot be reported as exclusive categories. The means for the nonexclusive groups are therefore interpreted as the means for arrestees with, for example, any violent felony charge. Continuing with this example, the significance tests are tests of women with a violent felony charge compared with women with no violent felony charge. This coding is useful for corrections and public policy purposes, because we can interpret significant findings as risk factors for risky behaviors.

^eThe “no prior arrest” category is exclusive of any juvenile arrest and any prior arrest. “Any juvenile arrest” and “any prior arrest,” however, are not exclusive groups. In addition, because subjects can (and frequently do) report multiple types of prior arrest, the specific types of prior arrests cannot be reported as exclusive categories. Interpretation of means and tests of significance for prior arrests is the same as for the nonexclusive group comparisons discussed in footnote a.

^fSevere disorders include major mood disorders (depression and mania) and psychotic disorders. Disorders are counted as positive only if the disorder is present and DSM-III-R criteria for moderate or severe impairment are met. “No severe disorder” is exclusive of the “any severe disorder” category. Tests of significance in the “no severe disorder” row indicate differences between women with and without severe mental disorder. “Alcohol dependence” and “any drug dependence” are not exclusive categories and are not exclusive of the severe disorder categories. Interpretation of means and tests of significance for alcohol and drug dependence is the same as for the nonexclusive group comparisons discussed in footnote a.