TABLE 3.
—Adjusted Odds Ratios (AOR) and Associated 95% Confidence Intervals (CI) for Factors Associated With Use of Spiritual Therapies Among California SWAN Participants, by Ethnicity
| White (n = 186) | Japanese (n = 90) | Chinese (n = 210) | ||||
| Independent Variables | AOR | 95% CI | AOR | 95% CI | AOR | 95% CI |
| Symptoms | ||||||
| Psychological | ||||||
| Most/all | 3.58 | 1.18, 10.88 | —a | 4.84 | 1.49, 16.04 | |
| Some | 1.57 | 0.49, 5.03 | — | 2.82 | 0.80, 9.99 | |
| None | 1 | NA | — | 1 | NA | |
| Urine leaks | 3.11 | 1.43, 6.79 | — | 3.20 | 1.33, 7.69 | |
| Baseline CAM use | ||||||
| Nutritional remedies | — | — | 2.59 | 1.05, 6.40 | ||
| Psychological remedies | 4.41 | 2.03, 9.58 | — | — | ||
| CAM for menopause | — | 0.08 | 0.002, 3.88 | 2.34 | 0.80, 6.79 | |
| Other correlates | ||||||
| Age | 0.96 | 0.82, 1.05 | 1.46 | 0.93, 2.28 | 0.92 | 0.78, 1.08 |
| Education | — | 0.003 | <.001, 0.10 | 1.18 | 0.47, 2.98 | |
| Income | — | 0.07 | 0.004, 1.06 | 1.26 | 0.53, 3.00 | |
| Change in health status | ||||||
| Improved | 1.40 | 0.56, 3.47 | 0.002 | <.001, 0.20 | — | |
| No change | 0.58 | 0.25, 1.37 | 5.74 | 0.45, 73.00 | — | |
| Worse | 1 | NA | 1 | NA | — | |
| Physical role limitations | 1.01 | 1.00, 1.02 | — | 0.99 | 0.98, 1.00 | |
| Vitality score | — | — | 1.04 | 1.01, 1.07 | ||
| Menopause transition | ||||||
| Pre- to perimenopausal | — | 0.05 | 0.002, 0.86 | — | ||
| Peri- to perimenopausal | — | 0.20 | 0.01, 2.92 | — | ||
| Pre- to premenopausal | — | 1 | NA | — | ||
| Physical activity | 0.81 | 0.65, 1.00 | — | — | ||
| CES-D ≥ 16 | — | — | 0.34 | 0.09, 1.33 | ||
| Aging attitudes | 1.23 | 1.08, 1.40 | 1.58 | 1.03, 2.41 | — | |
| Stress | — | 2.84 | 1.41, 5.74 | 1.10 | 0.93, 1.30 | |
Note. SWAN = Study of Women’s Health Across the Nation; CAM = complementary and alternative medicine; CES-D = Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale; NA = not applicable.
aVariable not included in model.