TABLE 2—

Bivariate Comparisons of Vulnerability, Health Plan Characteristics, Primary Care, and the Patient–Physician Relationship: US Nonelderly Adult Population, 1996–1997

		Managed Care Characteristics		Access to PCP			Continuity with PCP
Vulnerability Characteristics	Patient–PCP Interpersonal Scale Score Mean	Members Required to Select a PCP (%)	PCP Authorizes Specialty Referrals (%)	Travel Time to PCP < 30 Minutes(%)	PCP Office Wait < 30 Minutes (%)	PCP Appointment Wait < 5 Days (%)	Have a Specific Clinician (%)	Duration of Relationship with PCP > 12 Months (%)
High income–good health
Hispanic	3.96***	57.6*	66.1**	81.4	60.8	61.2	82.2**	86.6
Black, non-Hispanic	4.05***	55.0***	57.4	81.4	68.2	57.1	85.6	88.6
White, non-Hispanic	4.20	47.4	57.4	84.3	72.5	57.9	87.8	88.0
High income–poor health
Hispanic	3.84***	54.9	60.4	76.0	51.6	61.7	81.7*	84.5
Black, non-Hispanic	3.75***	43.5	53.1	71.3	55.8*	60.3	79.1**	79.0
White, non-Hispanic	4.09	45.6	51.7	73.9	65.6	51.5	90.3	83.9
Low income–good health
Hispanic	3.79***	51.2***	53.6	79.2	53.0**	58.1	80.5	86.1
Black, non-Hispanic	3.85***	50.0**	48.0	67.7***	58.0***	64.9	75.9**	85.6
White, non-Hispanic	4.13	38.9	47.7	81.7	68.6	64.6	84.6	84.5
Low income–poor health
Hispanic	3.63***	45.8**	46.6	72.1	40.6**	57.4	85.2	83.4
Black, non-Hispanic	3.76**	37.3*	36.6	64.5	53.1	61.4	74.4**	85.3
White, non-Hispanic	3.94	27.2	38.6	67.2	57.4	58.9	85.9	88.7

Note. PCP = primary care practitioner. P values compare Hispanics and Black, non-Hispanic groups to the White, non-Hispanic group using χ² tests for dichotomous outcomes and Bonferroni means tests for continuous outcomes.

*.01 < P < .05; **.001 < P < .01; ***P < .001. All P values are 2-tailed.