TABLE 3—

Multivariate Analysis of Vulnerability, Health Plan Characteristics, Primary Care, and the Patient–Physician Relationship: US Nonelderly Adult Population, 1996–1997

	Dependent Variable: Patient–PCP Interpersonal Scale Score
Independent Variables:Vulnerability Characteristics	Model 1a: β (SE)	Model 2b: β (SE)	Model 3c: β (SE)	Model 2 vs Model 1, % reduction in coefficient	Model 3 vs Model 2, % reduction in coefficient
High income–good health
Hispanic	−.21 (.05)***	−.19 (.05)***	−.13 (.04)**	−10%	−32%
Black, non-Hispanic	−.13 (.03)***	−.12 (.03)***	−.10 (.03)***	−8%	−17%
White, non-Hispanic	Reference	Reference	Reference	Reference	Reference
R2 for model	.029	.047	.117
High income–poor health
Hispanic	−.22 (.08)**	−.19 (.08)*	−.17 (.07)*	−14%	−11%
Black, non-Hispanic	−.33 (.08)***	−.33 (.08)***	−.27 (.08)**	0%	−18%
White, non-Hispanic	Reference	Reference	Reference	Reference	Reference
R2 for model	.038	.054	.114
Low income–good health
Hispanic	−.32 (.05)***	−.30 (.05)***	−.24 (.05)***	−6%	−20%
Black, non-Hispanic	−.29 (.04)***	−.28 (.04)***	−.20 (.04)***	−3%	−29%
White, non-Hispanic	Reference	Reference	Reference	Reference	Reference
R2 for model	.059	.066	.127
Low income–poor health
Hispanic	−.24 (.08)**	−.22 (.08)**	−.13 (.07)	−8%	−41%
Black, non-Hispanic	−.18 (.07)*	−.18 (.07)*	−.13 (.09)	0%	−28%
White, non-Hispanic	Reference	Reference	Reference	Reference	Reference
R2 for model	.043	.046	.134

Note. PCP = primary care practitioner.

^aModel 1 comprises vulnerability groups + age + sex + payer (5-level variable: Medicare, employer-based private insurance, individually purchased private insurance, Medicaid, and uninsured).

^bModel 2 comprises Model 1 + managed care variables (members are required to select a PCP, and PCP authorizes specialty referrals).

^cModel 3 comprises Model 2 + primary care variables (travel time to PCP < 30 minutes, PCP office wait < 30 minutes, PCP appointment wait < 5 days, PCP is a specific clinician, and duration of relationship with PCP > 12 months).

*.01 < P< .05; **.001 < P <.01; ***P < .001. All P values are 2-tailed.