TABLE 2—
Secular Trends in Standardized Crude Admission Rates and Mean Admission Rates Associated With Potentially Preventable Hospitalizations for Diabetes- and Cardiovascular-Related Chronic Conditions, by Race/Ethnicity, Among Women Aged 21–64 Years: California, 1991–1998
| Angina | CHF | Diabetes | Hypertension | |||||
| Race/Ethnicity and Year | No. | Rate | No. | Rate | No. | Rate | No. | Rate |
| African American | ||||||||
| 1991 | 1043 | 15.7 | 909 | 13.7 | 809 | 12.2 | 366 | 5.5 |
| 1992 | 971 | 14.3 | 966 | 14.2 | 792 | 11.7 | 353 | 5.2 |
| 1993 | 960 | 14.1 | 1063 | 15.6 | 817 | 12.0 | 361 | 5.3 |
| 1994 | 763 | 11.1 | 979 | 14.2 | 786 | 11.4 | 392 | 5.7 |
| 1995 | 736 | 10.4 | 1459 | 20.7 | 885 | 12.5 | 436 | 6.2 |
| 1996 | 717 | 10.0 | 1377 | 19.2 | 887 | 12.4 | 442 | 6.2 |
| 1997 | 605 | 8.3 | 1264 | 17.4 | 904 | 12.5 | 427 | 5.9 |
| 1998 | 525 | 7.2 | 1425 | 19.5 | 891 | 12.2 | 470 | 6.4 |
| Meana: 1991–1998 (99% CI) | 11.2 (8.3, 14.1) | 16.3 (14.2, 18.3) | 11.9 (11.3, 12.4) | 5.7 (5.3, 6.1) | ||||
| Asian | ||||||||
| 1991 | 339 | 3.6 | 189 | 2.0 | 128 | 1.4 | 66 | 0.7 |
| 1992 | 391 | 3.9 | 182 | 1.8 | 127 | 1.3 | 84 | 0.8 |
| 1993 | 374 | 3.7 | 215 | 2.1 | 111 | 1.1 | 89 | 0.9 |
| 1994 | 306 | 2.9 | 175 | 1.7 | 138 | 1.3 | 87 | 0.8 |
| 1995 | 226 | 2.0 | 250 | 2.2 | 137 | 1.2 | 87 | 0.8 |
| 1996 | 232 | 2.0 | 212 | 1.9 | 143 | 1.2 | 112 | 1.0 |
| 1997 | 190 | 1.6 | 259 | 2.2 | 134 | 1.1 | 129 | 1.1 |
| 1998 | 185 | 1.5 | 285 | 2.3 | 147 | 1.2 | 122 | 1.0 |
| Meana: 1991–1998 (99% CI) | 2.6 (1.7, 3.6) | 2.0 (1.8, 2.2) | 1.2 (1.1, 1.3) | 0.9 (0.7, 1.0) | ||||
| White | ||||||||
| 1991 | 4560 | 7.2 | 1728 | 2.7 | 2015 | 3.2 | 442 | 0.7 |
| 1992 | 4654 | 7.3 | 1645 | 2.6 | 1994 | 3.1 | 427 | 0.7 |
| 1993 | 4183 | 6.6 | 1822 | 2.9 | 1876 | 3.0 | 470 | 0.7 |
| 1994 | 2896 | 4.6 | 1852 | 2.9 | 1812 | 2.9 | 427 | 0.7 |
| 1995 | 2122 | 3.4 | 2265 | 3.6 | 1903 | 3.0 | 404 | 0.6 |
| 1996 | 1950 | 3.1 | 1994 | 3.2 | 1886 | 3.0 | 443 | 0.7 |
| 1997 | 1795 | 2.8 | 2094 | 3.3 | 1836 | 2.9 | 454 | 0.7 |
| 1998 | 1558 | 2.5 | 2134 | 3.4 | 1853 | 2.9 | 443 | 0.7 |
| Meana: 1991–1998 (99% CI) | 4.6 (2.7, 6.5) | 3.0 (2.7, 3.2) | 2.9 (2.8, 3.1) | 0.7 (0.66, 0.72) | ||||
| Hispanic | ||||||||
| 1991 | 1179 | 5.7 | 590 | 2.9 | 957 | 4.6 | 175 | 0.8 |
| 1992 | 1258 | 5.8 | 647 | 3.0 | 1007 | 4.7 | 227 | 1.1 |
| 1993 | 1177 | 5.4 | 690 | 3.1 | 901 | 4.1 | 237 | 1.1 |
| 1994 | 1045 | 4.6 | 756 | 3.3 | 1103 | 4.9 | 246 | 1.1 |
| 1995 | 842 | 3.5 | 888 | 3.7 | 1045 | 4.3 | 281 | 1.2 |
| 1996 | 832 | 3.4 | 899 | 3.6 | 1161 | 4.7 | 276 | 1.1 |
| 1997 | 778 | 3.0 | 850 | 3.3 | 1194 | 4.7 | 313 | 1.2 |
| 1998 | 629 | 2.4 | 921 | 3.5 | 1198 | 4.6 | 336 | 1.3 |
| Meana: 1991–1998 (99% CI) | 4.8 (2.7, 6.9) | 3.2 (3.0, 3.4) | 4.5 (4.2, 4.8) | 1.1 (1.0, 1.2) | ||||
| Overall | ||||||||
| 1991 | 7121 | 7.1 | 3416 | 3.4 | 3909 | 3.9 | 1049 | 1.0 |
| 1992 | 7274 | 7.1 | 3440 | 3.4 | 3920 | 3.8 | 1091 | 1.1 |
| 1993 | 6694 | 6.6 | 3790 | 3.7 | 3705 | 3.6 | 1157 | 1.1 |
| 1994 | 5010 | 4.9 | 3762 | 3.7 | 3839 | 3.7 | 1152 | 1.1 |
| 1995 | 3926 | 3.7 | 4862 | 4.6 | 3970 | 3.8 | 1208 | 1.1 |
| 1996 | 3731 | 3.5 | 4482 | 4.2 | 4077 | 3.8 | 1273 | 1.2 |
| 1997 | 3368 | 3.1 | 4467 | 4.1 | 4068 | 3.8 | 1323 | 1.2 |
| 1998 | 2937 | 2.7 | 4765 | 4.4 | 4089 | 3.7 | 1371 | 1.3 |
| Meana: 1991–1998 (99% CI) | 4.8 (3.1, 6.5) | 3.9 (3.5, 4.4) | 3.8 (3.7, 3.9) | 1.1 (1.1, 1.2) | ||||
Note. Selected conditions (and related ICD-9-CM hospital discharge rubric codes) were as follows: angina (413.0, 413.1, 413.9 [excluding 411.1, unstable and preinfarction angina]), congestive heart failure (428, 402.01, 402.11, 402.91), diabetes (250.0, 250.1, 250.2, 250.3, 251.0), and hypertension (401, 401.0, 401.1, 401.9, 402.0, 402.1). The African American and White groups reflect self-identified Black and White non-Hispanic race/ethnicity, respectively; the Hispanic group reflects self-identified “other”/Hispanic race/ethnicity. Data were derived from pooled computerized 1991–1998 calendar year hospital discharge data, 1990 US census data, and 1991–1998 population estimates for California. Hospital admission rates were standardized (per 10 000) by sex, and according to age and race/ethnicity, on the basis of census data. CHF = congestive heart failure; CI = confidence interval.
aMean rate per 10 000.