TABLE 1—
Descriptive Statistics, Medical Expenditure Panel Survey Sample
| Total (n = 15 107) | Men (n = 7003, 47.82% of Total) | Women(n = 8104, 52.17% of Total) | |
| Demographic characteristics, % | |||
| Age, y | |||
| 18–25 | 12.75 | 12.91 | 12.61 |
| 26–49 | 52.35 | 54.13 | 50.71 |
| 50–64 | 18.37 | 18.40 | 18.33 |
| ≥ 65 | 16.54 | 14.55 | 18.35 |
| Race | |||
| White | 83.38 | 84.07 | 82.75 |
| Black | 11.77 | 10.94 | 12.52 |
| Other | 4.85 | 4.99 | 4.73 |
| Ethnicity | |||
| Hispanic | 9.82 | 10.49 | 9.21 |
| Non-Hispanic | 90.18 | 89.51 | 90.79 |
| Marital status | |||
| Not married | 42.77 | 39.83 | 45.46 |
| Married | 57.23 | 60.17 | 54.54 |
| Education | |||
| < High school | 22.49 | 23.08 | 21.94 |
| High school graduate | 48.50 | 46.17 | 50.63 |
| College graduate | 29.01 | 30.74 | 27.42 |
| Employment status | |||
| Not employed | 29.61 | 21.96 | 36.61 |
| Self-employed | 9.29 | 12.41 | 6.42 |
| Employed | 55.45 | 59.89 | 51.39 |
| Full-/part-time student | 5.65 | 5.74 | 5.58 |
| Geographic location | |||
| Non-MSA | 19.68 | 19.56 | 19.78 |
| MSA | 80.32 | 80.44 | 80.22 |
| Northeast | 19.73 | 19.48 | 19.96 |
| Midwest | 23.17 | 23.04 | 23.28 |
| South | 35.16 | 34.85 | 35.43 |
| West | 21.95 | 22.63 | 21.32 |
| No. health conditions, mean | 3.38 | 2.70 | 4.00 |
| Nonfinancial barriers to care, % | |||
| Work hours | |||
| < 40/wk | 51.69 | 37.66 | 64.37 |
| ≥ 40/wk | 48.31 | 62.34 | 35.63 |
| Have usual source of care | |||
| No | 20.81 | 25.83 | 16.21 |
| Yes | 79.19 | 74.17 | 83.79 |
| Transportation to care | |||
| Automobile | 93.72 | 95.35 | 92.39 |
| Public transportation | 3.83 | 2.52 | 4.89 |
| Walk or other | 2.46 | 2.13 | 2.72 |
| Usual physician has off-hour service | |||
| No | 55.89 | 55.25 | 56.40 |
| Yes | 44.11 | 44.75 | 43.60 |
| Waiting time in physician’s office | |||
| ≤ 30 min | 83.14 | 84.48 | 82.09 |
| > 30 min | 16.86 | 15.52 | 17.91 |
| Have children | |||
| No | 57.89 | 59.36 | 56.54 |
| Yes | 42.11 | 40.64 | 43.46 |
| Financial barriers to care | |||
| Income, % | |||
| > $20 000 | 45.88 | 52.87 | 39.48 |
| $9001–$20 000 | 24.78 | 23.34 | 26.10 |
| ≤ $9000 | 29.34 | 23.80 | 34.41 |
| Receive AFDC, % | |||
| No | 98.71 | 99.80 | 97.70 |
| Yes | 1.29 | 0.20 | 2.30 |
| Receive food stamps | |||
| No | 93.28 | 94.71 | 91.97 |
| Yes | 6.72 | 5.29 | 8.03 |
| Have insurance, % | |||
| No | 12.79 | 15.00 | 10.77 |
| Yes | 87.21 | 85.00 | 89.23 |
| Length of time insured, mean, mo | 9.89 | 9.63 | 10.13 |
| No paid doctor visits, % | 68.87 | 66.68 | 70.84 |
| Have paid doctor visits, % | 31.13 | 33.32 | 29.1 |
Note. MSA = metropolitan statistical area; AFDC = Aid to Families with Dependent Children.
aSpecific condition list (dummy variables) available from the authors.