TABLE 1—
Sociodemographic Characteristics of Victims and Perpetrators and General Risk Factors for Homicide, by Group
| Victims | Perpetrators | |||||
| Nonfatal Physical Abuse (n = 343) | Homicide (n = 220) | P | Nonfatal Physical Abuse (n = 343) | Homicide (n = 220) | P | |
| Sociodemographic variables | ||||||
| Age, y, mean ± SD | 30.1 ± 8.6 | 31.4 ± 7.7 | .081 | 31.2 ± 9.2 | 34.2 ± 8.7 | <.001 |
| Don’t know/refused/missing | 0 | 0 | 4 | 22 | ||
| Race/ethnicity, No. (%) | <.001 | <.001 | ||||
| Black/African American | 70 (20.6) | 104 (47.3) | 83 (24.3) | 107 (48.9) | ||
| White | 157 (46.3) | 53 (24.1) | 153 (44.7) | 49 (22.4) | ||
| Latino/Hispanic | 82 (24.2) | 53 (24.1) | 80 (23.4) | 58 (26.5) | ||
| Other | 30 (8.9) | 10 (4.5) | 26 (7.6) | 5 (2.3) | ||
| Don’t know/refused/missing | 4 | 0 | 1 | 1 | ||
| Education, No. (%) | <.001 | <.001 | ||||
| Less than high school | 61 (17.9) | 71 (33.2) | 92 (28.0) | 70 (48.9) | ||
| High school | 73 (21.5) | 59 (27.5) | 91 (27.7) | 47 (32.9) | ||
| Some college/trade school | 109 (32.1) | 68 (31.8) | 58 (17.7) | 17 (11.9) | ||
| College/trade school | 97 (28.5) | 16 (7.5) | 87 (26.5) | 9 (6.3) | ||
| Don’t know/refused/missing | 3 | 6 | 15 | 77 | ||
| Employment, No. (%) | <.001 | <.001 | ||||
| Full-time | 179 (52.2) | 114 (51.8) | 229 (68.2) | 84 (39.6) | ||
| Part-time | 70 (20.4) | 31 (14.1) | 39 (11.6) | 20 (9.5) | ||
| Unemployed, seeking job | 40 (11.7) | 12 (5.5) | 25 (7.4) | 13 (6.1) | ||
| Unemployed, not seeking job | 54 (15.7) | 63 (28.6) | 43 (12.8) | 95 (44.8) | ||
| Don’t know/refused/missing | 0 | 0 | 7 | 8 | ||
| Income (annual household), $, No. (%) | .005 | |||||
| Less than 10 000 | 67 (21.7) | 25 (18.8) | ||||
| 10 000–19 999 | 49 (15.9) | 32 (24.1) | ||||
| 20 000–29 999 | 43 (13.9) | 20 (15.0) | ||||
| 30 000–39 999 | 41 (13.3) | 29 (21.8) | ||||
| 40 000 or more | 109 (35.3) | 27 (20.3) | ||||
| Don’t know/refused/missing | 34 | 87 | ||||
| General violence/homicide risk variables | ||||||
| Threatened/attempted suicide | .091 | .149 | ||||
| Yes | 33 (9.6) | 12 (5.6) | 68 (20.1) | 45 (25.0) | ||
| Don’t know/refused/missing | 0 | 6 | 4 | 40 | ||
| Problem alcohol drinker, No. (%) | < .001 | < .001 | ||||
| Yes | 27 (7.9) | 36 (19.1) | 106 (30.9) | 105 (52.0) | ||
| Don’t know/refused/missing | 0 | 32 | 0 | 18 | ||
| Illicit drug use, No. (%) | .002 | < .001 | ||||
| Yes | 49 (14.3) | 48 (25.3) | 101 (30.4) | 123 (65.4) | ||
| Don’t know/refused/missing | 1 | 30 | 11 | 32 | ||
| Access to a firearm,a No. (%) | .996 | <.001 | ||||
| Yes | 17 (5.0) | 10 (5.0) | 82 (23.9) | 143(65.0) | ||
| Don’t know/refused/missing | 2 | 19 | 0 | 0 | ||
| Arrest for violent crime, No. (%) | <.001 | |||||
| Yes | 38 (11.5) | 43 (21.8) | ||||
| Don’t know/refused/missing | 12 | 23 | ||||
Note. The referent time periods for all risk variables were the year previous to the most abusive event for abused control women and the year previous to the femicide for femicide victims.
aFor abused women, gun access was defined as a woman’s sole access to a firearm on the basis of her living apart from her partner and reporting having a gun in the home; gun access for partner was based on reports of his personal ownership of a firearm or living in a household with a firearm.