TABLE 2—
Relative Hazard Ratios for Death, by Cause,a for 864 Black and White Men Diagnosed with Prostate Cancer: 2 Veterans Affairs and 2 Private Sector Hospitals, Chicago Area, 1986–1990
| Department of Veterans Affairs (n = 385) | Private Sector (n = 479) | |||||||||||
| All Causes (n = 245) | Prostate Cancer (n = 102) | Other (n = 143) | All Causes (n = 262) | Prostate Cancer (n = 113) | Other (n = 149) | |||||||
| HRR (95% CI) | Pb | HRR (95% CI) | P | HRR (95% CI) | P | HRR (95% CI) | P | HRR (95% CI) | P | HRR (95% CI) | P | |
| Race (Black vs White) | 1.50 (0.94, 2.38) | .088 | 1.36 (0.62, 2.96) | . . . | 1.25 (0.66, 2.35) | . . . | 1.68 (1.06, 2.67) | < .001 | 2.68 (1.36, 5.27) | < .001 | 1.03 (0.54, 1.97) | . . . |
| Age (5-y increments) | 1.07 (0.97, 1.17) | . . . | 1.03 (0.90, 1.19) | . . . | 1.06 (0.93, 1.21) | . . . | 1.17 (1.07, 1.28) | .001 | 0.99 (0.87, 1.12) | . . . | 1.40 (1.23, 1.60) | < .001 |
| Income (per $1000)c | 1.00 (0.97, 1.05) | . . . | 1.02 (0.96, 1.08) | . . . | 1.00 (0.96, 1.04) | . . . | 0.98 (0.96, 0.99) | .025 | 1.00 (0.98, 1.02) | . . . | 0.94 (0.91, 0.97) | < .001 |
| Differentiation (vs well) | ||||||||||||
| Moderate | 1.24 (0.88, 1.76) | . . . | 2.23 (1.15, 4.29) | .017 | 0.91 (0.59, 1.41) | . . . | 1.54 (1.02, 2.31) | .040 | 2.49 (1.06, 5.86) | .037 | 1.18 (0.73, 1.90) | . . . |
| Poor | 1.68 (1.19, 2.38) | .003 | 3.41 (1.79, 6.47) | < .001 | 1.28 (0.82, 1.98) | . . . | 1.83 (1.23, 2.73) | .003 | 4.58 (2.06, 10.2) | < .001 | 1.06 (0.65, 1.73) | . . . |
| Stage (local/regional vs distant) | 0.26 (0.15, 0.44) | < .001 | 0.18 (0.08, 0.43) | < .001 | 0.48 (0.23, 1.01) | .052 | 0.31 (0.21, 0.48) | < .001 | 0.19 (0.10, 0.36) | < .001 | 0.56 (0.31, 1.02) | .056 |
| Treatment | ||||||||||||
| Surgery | 0.66 (0.42, 1.04) | .074 | 0.40 (0.17, 0.96) | .041 | 0.72 (0.41, 1.25) | . . . | 0.49 (0.31, 0.77) | .001 | 0.45 (0.21, 0.97) | .041 | 0.54 (0.30, 0.96) | .035 |
| Radiation | 1.00 (0.67, 1.48) | . . . | 1.25 (0.83, 1.30) | . . . | 0.90 (0.53, 1.52) | . . . | 1.18 (0.84, 1.68) | . . . | 1.80 (1.09, 2.98) | .022 | 0.92 (0.58, 1.45) | . . . |
| DES | 1.09 (0.61, 1.95) | . . . | 1.81 (0.84, 3.88) | . . . | 0.50 (0.18, 1.42) | . . . | 1.88 (0.98, 3.60) | .057 | 1.25 (0.44, 3.60) | . . . | 3.08 (1.34, 7.08) | .008 |
| Castrationd | 0.89 (0.55, 1.43) | . . . | 1.14 (0.57, 2.29) | . . . | 0.72 (0.37, 1.41) | . . . | 1.38 (0.94, 2.04) | . . . | 1.91 (1.10, 3.31) | .021 | 1.14 (0.63, 2.04) | . . . |
| Observation | 1.51 (0.90, 2.55) | . . . | 0.47 (0.14, 1.66) | . . . | 2.04 (1.10, 3.79) | .024 | 1.14 (0.62, 2.09) | . . . | 0.61 (0.14, 2.21) | . . . | 1.26 (0.62, 2.55) | . . . |
| Charlson scoree | 1.16 (1.04, 1.29) | .008 | 0.98 (0.80, 1.20) | . . . | 1.36 (1.18, 1.56) | < .001 | 1.01 (0.89, 1.15) | . . . | 1.06 (0.89, 1.26) | . . . | 1.02 (0.84, 1.22) | . . . |
Note. HRR = hazard rate ratio; CI = confidence interval; DES = diethylstilbestrol.
aRelative hazard rations were calculated using a stratified Cox proportional hazards regression model, which accounted for the baseline hazard associated with the hospital where the case originated and is specified as follows: λ = λ0(t) exp(β1race + β2age + β3moderate diff + β4poorly diff + β5loc_regstg + β6surgery + β7radiation + β8DES + β9castration + β10observation + β11score + β12black*score + β13loc_regstg*score).
bOnly P values below .10 are reported in this table.
cMean household income per capita for zip code of residence at time of diagnosis.
dOrchiectomy or leuprolide and/or flutamide.
eScores ranged from 0 to 14.