TABLE 1—
Population Characteristics in a Prospective Study of Childhood Adversity and Mortality Among 1242 African Americans
| Characteristic | No. (%) |
| Gender | |
| Female | 636 (51.2) |
| Male | 606 (48.8) |
| Family type | |
| Mother and second adult | 699 (56.3) |
| Mother alone | 459 (37.0) |
| Mother absent (family member as caregiver) | 61 (4.9) |
| Foster | 23 (1.9) |
| Frequency of residential moves before 1966 | |
| 0–2 | 730 (58.9) |
| ≥ 3 | 510 (41.1) |
| Receipt of welfare in 1966 | |
| No | 844 (68.0) |
| Yes | 398 (32.0) |
| Corporal punishment in 1966 | |
| Infrequent (never to once a week) | 745 (60.1) |
| Frequent (a few times a week or almost every day) | 495 (39.9) |
| Shy and aggressive behavior (teacher’s report) | |
| Neither | 646 (52.2) |
| Shy only | 202 (16.3) |
| Aggressive only | 211 (17.0) |
| Both shy and aggressive | 179 (14.5) |
| Ratings by child’s mother on Mother’s Symptom Inventorya, b | |