Table 3.

Plethysmography at d13: Dex-treated animals showed an increased respiratory rate (RR), tidal volume, and minute ventilation compared to saline controls. Retinoic acid treatment alone did not alter RR but, when given with Dex, resulted in decreased RR similar to that of controls. Values are expressed mean ± SE. *p < 0.05 vs. saline; ^†p = 0.3 vs. Dex; ^‡p = 0.5 vs. Dex; ^§p = 0.9 vs. Dex. bpm: breaths per minute

Treatment Group	Respiratory Rate (bpm)	Tidal Volume (ml/kg)	Minute Ventilation (ml/kg)
Control (n = 8)	171 ± 20	5.2 ± 0.9	861 ± 145
Saline (n = 9)	180 ± 5.0	4.8 ± 0.8	890 ± 163
Cottonseed oil (CSO) (n = 14)	179 ± 12	6.5 ± 0.7	935 ± 109
Retinoic acid (RA) (n = 15)	180 ± 6.0	5.2 ± 0.7	810 ± 103
Dexamethasone (Dex) (n = 16)	211 ± 11*	8.1 ± 0.8*	2260 ± 150*
Dex + RA (n = 14)	195 ± 9.0†	8.7 ± 1.0‡	2131 ± 186§