TABLE 1—
Cohort 1 (4th Grade) | Cohort 2 (5th Grade) | |||||||
Year 1 | Year 2 | Year 1 | Year 2 | |||||
n | Mean (SD) | n | Mean (SD) | n | Mean (SD) | n | Mean (SD) | |
Fruit, serving | ||||||||
Total | 283 | 0.18 (0.18) | 272 | 0.12 (0.18)** | 257 | 0.08 (0.12) | 242 | 0.10 (0.17) |
Boy | 122 | 0.20 (0.18) | 120 | 0.14 (0.19)*** | 106 | 0.09 (0.13) | 100 | 0.12 (0.19) |
Girl | 161 | 0.17 (0.17) | 152 | 0.11 (0.16)*** | 151 | 0.08 (0.12) | 142 | 0.09 (0.15) |
AA | 46 | 0.19 (0.19) | 40 | 0.13 (0.19) | 35 | 0.14 (0.19) | 29 | 0.10 (0.15) |
EA | 147 | 0.17 (0.17) | 144 | 0.13 (0.19)** | 123 | 0.06 (0.09) | 117 | 0.10 (0.16)* |
MA | 67 | 0.20 (0.18) | 65 | 0.10 (0.13)** | 72 | 0.08 (0.09) | 69 | 0.11 (0.19) |
AS | 23 | 0.15 (0.15) | 23 | 0.13 (0.17) | 27 | 0.11 (0.18) | 27 | 0.10 (0.17) |
Regular vegetables, serving | ||||||||
Total | 283 | 0.26 (0.22) | 272 | 0.15 (0.19)** | 257 | 0.20 (0.20) | 242 | 0.18 (0.20)** |
Boy | 122 | 0.26 (0.24) | 120 | 0.14 (0.18)*** | 106 | 0.20 (0.22) | 100 | 0.20 (0.24) |
Girl | 161 | 0.22 (0.20) | 152 | 0.15 (0.18)*** | 151 | 0.20 (0.19) | 142 | 0.16 (0.16)* |
AA | 46 | 0.26 (0.24) | 40 | 0.15 (0.21)* | 35 | 0.20 (0.18) | 29 | 0.16 (0.17) |
EA | 147 | 0.27 (0.22) | 144 | 0.15 (0.11)*** | 123 | 0.18 (0.20) | 117 | 0.14 (0.17)** |
MA | 67 | 0.26 (0.22) | 65 | 0.13 (0.14)*** | 72 | 0.24 (0.20) | 69 | 0.18 (0.19)* |
AS | 23 | 0.28 (0.22) | 23 | 0.14 (0.15)* | 27 | 0.17 (0.20) | 27 | 0.31 (0.29)*** |
High-fat vegetables, serving | ||||||||
Total | 283 | 0.19 (0.12) | 272 | 0.32 (0.25)*** | 257 | 0.23 (0.18) | 242 | 0.30 (0.23)*** |
Boy | 122 | 0.20 (0.12) | 120 | 0.36 (0.27) | 106 | 0.24 (0.17) | 100 | 0.27 (0.25) |
Girl | 161 | 0.19 (0.13) | 152 | 0.29 (0.35)*** | 151 | 0.22 (0.19) | 142 | 0.31 (0.21)*** |
AA | 46 | 0.18 (0.12) | 40 | 0.35 (0.31)** | 35 | 0 .32 (0.21) | 29 | 0.35 (0.20) |
EA | 147 | 0.18 (0.12) | 144 | 0.32 (0.23)*** | 123 | 0 .23 (0.18) | 117 | 0.31 (0.25)** |
MA | 67 | 0.24 (0.13) | 65 | 0.32 (0.26)* | 72 | 0 .22 (0.17) | 69 | 0.27 (0.21)* |
AS | 23 | 0.20 (0.11) | 23 | 0.29 (0.26) | 27 | 0.20 (0.15) | 27 | 0.26 (0.21) |
Milk, oz | ||||||||
Total | 283 | 4.6 (2.8) | 272 | 3.0 (3.1)*** | 257 | 2.9 (2.8) | 242 | 3.3 (3.6)* |
Boy | 122 | 5.1 (3.0) | 120 | 3.5 (3.4)*** | 106 | 3.4 (2.9) | 100 | 4.4 (4.0) |
Girl | 161 | 4.3 (2.7) | 152 | 2.6 (2.9)*** | 151 | 2.5 (2.7) | 142 | 2.6 (3.1) |
AA | 46 | 4.5 (2.9) | 40 | 3.4 (3.2)* | 35 | 3.1 (2.8) | 29 | 3.1 (3.4) |
EA | 147 | 4.7 (2.9) | 144 | 2.9 (3.1)*** | 123 | 2.6 (2.8) | 117 | 3.1 (3.7) |
MA | 67 | 4.7 (2.8) | 65 | 2.9 (3.2)*** | 72 | 3.3 (2.8) | 69 | 3.7 (3.5) |
AS | 23 | 4.5 (3.1) | 23 | 3.3 (3.4) | 27 | 2.7 (2.9) | 27 | 3.7 (4.0) |
Sweetened beverages, oz | ||||||||
Total | 283 | 2.1 (2.2) | 272 | 3.4 (3.4)*** | 257 | 4.9 (3.8) | 242 | 4.3 (4.3)* |
Boy | 133 | 1.9 (2.2) | 120 | 3.4 (3.6)*** | 106 | 4.7 (3.6) | 100 | 4.4 (4.8) |
Girl | 161 | 2.2 (2.2) | 152 | 3.2 (3.2)** | 151 | 5.1 (4.1) | 142 | 4.3 (4.0) |
AA | 46 | 1.4 (1.7) | 40 | 2.7 (3.4) | 35 | 3.8 (4.0) | 29 | 4.5 (5.5) |
EA | 147 | 2.4 (2.4) | 144 | 3.8 (3.6)*** | 123 | 5.7 (3.8) | 117 | 4.8 (4.2) |
MA | 67 | 1.5 (1.9) | 65 | 2.6 (3.0)* | 72 | 3.9 (3.4) | 69 | 3.0 (3.3) |
AS | 23 | 2.9 (2.3) | 23 | 4.1 (3.5) | 27 | 5.1 (4.3) | 27 | 5.0 (5.5) |
Note: AA = African American, EA=European-American, MA = Mexican American, and AS = Asian/Other.
*P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, and ***P < .001.