TABLE 2—
Estimated 1999 US Hospital Inpatient Stays Coded With a Diagnosis of Abuse or Neglect Compared With Those Not Coded With Abuse or Neglect
| Variables | Abuse/Neglect Coded | No Abuse/Neglect Coded | P Value |
| Patient/Family Demographic Characteristics | |||
| Mean age, y (SE) | 2.7 (0.18) | 5.2 (0.13) | < .0001 |
| Gender (% male) | 54.5 | 54.4 | .9375 |
| Race, % | < .0001 | ||
| Black | 20.1 | 16.0 | |
| White | 30.9 | 46.6 | |
| Other (Hispanic, Asian/Pacific Islander, Native American, and other) | 14.3 | 17.6 | |
| Unknown | 33.9 | 19.9 | |
| Median income for patient’s zip code, % | .0027 | ||
| $1–$24 999 | 10.6 | 8.4 | |
| $25 000–$34 999 | 38.3 | 32.9 | |
| $35 000–$44 999 | 30.5 | 30.9 | |
| ≥ $45 000 | 20.6 | 27.9 | |
| Expected primary payer, % | < .0001 | ||
| Medicaid | 66.5 | 37.0 | |
| Private including HMO | 24.0 | 54.5 | |
| Other | 9.5 | 8.5 | |
| Medical/Hospital Stay Characteristics | |||
| Admission source, % | < .0001 | ||
| Emergency room | 58.5 | 37.6 | |
| Routine/birth/other | 27.3 | 56.9 | |
| Another hospital or facility | 14.2 | 5.3 | |
| Court/law enforcement | 0.11 | 0.22 | |
| In-hospital deaths (% died) (OR = 8.82, 95% CI = 6.19, 12.60) | 4.0 | 0.47 | < .0001 |
| Mean length of stay, d (SE) | 8.2 (0.59) | 4.0 (0.08) | < .0001 |
| Mean number of diagnoses (SE) | 6.3 (0.19) | 2.8 (0.05) | < .0001 |
| Mean number of procedures (SE) | 1.3 (0.092) | 0.8 (0.04) | < .0001 |
| Mean total charges, $ (SE) | 19 266 (1646) | 9513 (458) | < .0001 |
| Hospital Characteristics | |||
| Region, % | .0004 | ||
| Northeast | 17.5 | 18.9 | |
| Midwest | 28.7 | 17.2 | |
| South | 33.9 | 46.7 | |
| West | 19.9 | 17.4 | |
| Location of hospital (% urban) (OR = 1.63; 95% CI = 1.13, 2.34) | 91.2 | 86.4 | .0029 |
| Status of hospital (% teaching) (OR = 2.94; 95% CI = 2.33, 3.71) | 81.8 | 60.5 | < .0001 |
Notes. HMO = health maintenance organization; OR = odds ratio; CI = confidence interval. Analyses are based on weighted data: population estimate = 3 123 626.