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. 2004 Apr;94(4):633–639. doi: 10.2105/ajph.94.4.633

TABLE 1—

Hierarchical Fall and Burn Models

Fall Rate Ratio (95% CIa) Burn Rate Ratio (95% CIa)
Individual
Age, y
    < 1 2.13 (1.94, 2.34) 8.16 (6.77, 9.83)
    1–2 1.11 (1.01, 1.23) 8.28 (6.92, 9.92)
    3–4 0.97 (0.88, 1.07) 2.02 (1.64, 2.49)
    5–6 (reference group) 1.00 . . . 1.00 . . .
Gender
Male 1.45 (1.35, 1.55) 1.32 (1.18, 1.48)
Female (reference group) 1.00 . . . 1.00 . . .
Zip Code
Percentage owner-occupied housingb 0.94 (0.90, 0.99) 0.92 (0.84, 1.00)
Percentage housing built before 1950b 1.10 (1.06, 1.15) 1.11 (1.04, 1.18)
Concentrated poverty
    High 1.05 (0.86, 1.27) 2.10 (1.56, 2.83)
    Middle 1.02 (0.83, 1.24) 1.79 (1.36, 2.36)
    Low (reference group) 1.00 . . . 1.00 . . .
African American population
    High 1.92 (1.55, 2.36) 2.64 (1.84, 3.79)
    Middle 1.43 (1.17, 1.74) 1.24 (0.88, 1.74)
    Low (reference group) 1.00 . . . 1.00 . . .

aWald confidence interval.

bRate ratios per 10% increase in the value of the independent variable.