TABLE 3—
Risk of Dental Problems Associated With Selected Characteristics, by Receipt or Nonreceipt of Dental Care During Pregnancy: Washington State PRAMS Study, 2000
| Received Dental Care | Did Not Receive Dental Care | |||
| Characteristica | OR | 95% CI | OR | 95% CI |
| Income (monthly), $b | ||||
| < 1200 | 1.11 | 0.46, 2.67 | 1.44 | 0.61, 3.38 |
| 1200–2099 | 2.32 | 1.01, 5.34 | 0.77 | 0.32, 1.86 |
| 2100–2999 | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
| ≥ 3000 | 0.55 | 0.26, 1.15 | 0.37 | 0.16, 0.87 |
| WIC participationc | ||||
| Yes | 1.62 | 0.83, 3.18 | 1.37 | 0.68, 2.77 |
| No | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
| Prenatal care payerc | ||||
| Medicaid | 2.24 | 1.14, 4.38 | 0.87 | 0.39, 1.94 |
| Insurance/HMO | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
| Self-pay | 0.57 | 0.10, 3.17 | 0.32 | 0.04, 2.58 |
| Military | 1.40 | 0.41, 4.78 | 0.99 | 0.24, 4.08 |
| Other | 2.50 | 0.80, 7.83 | 1.07 | 0.35, 3.28 |
| Trimester prenatal care initiatedd | ||||
| First | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
| Second or third | 0.71 | 0.35, 1.44 | 0.60 | 0.32, 1.13 |
| No care | . . . | 2.76 | 0.33, 22.97 | |
| Prenatal care sitee | ||||
| Private physician’s office/HMO clinic | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
| Hospital clinic | 0.98 | 0.42, 2.87 | 1.62 | 0.56, 4.66 |
| Health department clinic | 1.09 | 0.42, 2.87 | 1.62 | 0.56, 4.66 |
| Community or migrant health center | 0.81 | 0.17, 3.96 | 1.39 | 0.32, 5.94 |
| Other | 0.81 | 0.31, 2.11 | 0.73 | 0.29, 1.80 |
| Counseled on oral health care | ||||
| Yes | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
| No | 0.95 | 0.56, 1.60 | 1.12 | 0.55, 2.26 |
| Body mass index, kg/m2c | ||||
| < 18.5 (underweight) | 2.33 | 0.87, 6.22 | 1.20 | 0.39, 3.68 |
| 18.5–24.9 (normal) | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
| 25.0–29.9 (overweight) | 1.65 | 0.89, 3.05 | 0.92 | 0.45, 1.85 |
| ≥ 30.0 (obese) | 1.31 | 0.66, 2.60 | 1.17 | 0.61, 2.25 |
| Smoked before pregnancyf | ||||
| Yes | 1.72 | 0.86, 3.44 | 1.69 | 0.88, 3.26 |
| No | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
| Smoked during last 3 months of pregnancyg | ||||
| Yes | 2.63 | 0.90, 7.69 | 1.15 | 0.54, 2.45 |
| No | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
| Ever smokedg | ||||
| Yes | 2.63 | 1.13,6.19 | 1.10 | 0.52, 2.34 |
| No | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
Note. WIC = Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children; OR = odds ratio; CI = confidence interval.
aReference group: women who reported no dental problems during pregnancy.
bAdjusted for mother’s race and education.
cAdjusted for mother’s education and monthly income.
dAdjusted for mother’s monthly income.
eAdjusted for mother’s race, education, and monthly income.
fAdjusted for mother’s marital status, race, and age.
gAdjusted for mother’s race and monthly income.