TABLE 3—
Odds Ratios (95% Confidence Intervals) for Coronary Heart Disease and Coronary Heart Disease Risk Factors Comparing Various SES in Both Childhood and Adulthood With Baseline of Nonmanual Social Class in Both Childhood and Adulthood
| Child: Nonmanual | Child: Nonmanual | Child: Manual | Child: Manual | |
| Adult: Nonmanual | Adult: Manual | Adult: Nonmanual | Adult: Manual | |
| (n = 565) | (n = 251) | (n = 1121) | (n = 1507) | |
| CHD | 1.00 | 1.70 (1.16, 2.61) | 1.23 (0.89, 1.69) | 2.01 (1.50, 2.72) |
| High insulin resistance (top quartile HOMA ≥ 2.45) | 1.00 | 1.29 (0.86, 1.93) | 1.33 (1.01, 1.74) | 1.58 (1.22, 2.05) |
| Diabetes (clinical diagnosis or fasting glucose ≥ 7.8mmol/l) | 1.00 | 1.62 (0.79, 3.35) | 1.55 (0.91, 2.63) | 2.41 (1.46, 3.96) |
| Hypertensive (blood pressure ≥ 140/90mmHg or antidepressant medication) | 1.00 | 1.29 (0.94, 1.77) | 1.28 (1.04, 1.59) | 1.34 (1.09, 1.65) |
| Dyslipidaemia (TG ≥ 1.7mmol/l or HDLc < 1.0 mmol/l) | 1.00 | 1.36 (0.99, 1.89) | 1.34 (1.08, 1.66) | 1.72 (1.40, 2.12) |
| Obesity (BMI > 30kg/m2 or WHR > 0.85) | 1.00 | 1.50 (1.10, 2.05) | 1.18 (0.95, 2.03) | 1.65 (1.35, 2.03) |
| Current smoker | 1.00 | 1.15 (0.66, 2.00) | 1.38 (0.95, 2.01) | 1.75 (1.23, 2.49) |
| Inactive | 1.00 | 1.67 (1.09, 2.55) | 1.55 (1.14, 2.10) | 1.90 (1.14, 2.54) |
| Short legs (lowest quartile leg length ≤ 732 mm) | 1.00 | 1.73 (1.18, 2.51) | 1.68 (1.28, 2.19) | 2.38 (1.84, 3.07) |
| Low FEV1 (lowest quartile FEV1 ≤ 1.66 l) | 1.00 | 1.17 (0.78, 1.76) | 1.60 (1.22, 2.11) | 2.16 (1.67, 2.81) |
| Anxious or depressed | 1.00 | 1.23 (0.86, 1.75) | 1.05 (0.82, 1.35) | 1.44 (1.14, 1.81) |
| History of clinical depression | 1.00 | 1.33 (0.89, 1.98) | 0.91 (0.68, 1.22) | 1.34 (1.03, 1.76) |
| Use of anxiolytic, hypnotic, or antidepressant | 1.00 | 1.37 (0.85, 2.21) | 1.08 (0.76, 1.53) | 1.15 (0.82, 1.60) |
Note. SES = socioeconomic status; CHD = coronary heart disease; HOMA = homeostasis model assessment (of insulin resistance); TG = triglycerides; HDLc = high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; BMI = body mass index; WHR = waist-to-hip ratio; FEV1 = forced expiratory volume in 1 second.