TABLE 1—
POWER Participant Characteristics, by Randomization Status, Mean (SD) or %
| Usual Care (n = 56) | Reimbursable-Lifestyle Intervention (n = 47) | Intensive-Lifestyle Intervention (n = 49) | |
| Gender, % | |||
| Women | 79 | 85 | 78 |
| Men | 21 | 15 | 22 |
| Education, % | |||
| < High school | 60.0 | 44.7 | 38.8 |
| Race, % | |||
| Black | 73.2 | 89.4 | 83.7 |
| Non-Hispanic White | 26.8 | 10.6 | 14.3 |
| Other | 0 | 0 | 2.0 |
| Mean age, y | 62.4 (9.5) | 58.9 (7.8) | 59.7 (8.6) |
| Body mass index, kg/m2 | 35.2 (7.5) | 37.5 (6.7) | 37.6 (6.5) |
| Weight, kg | 93.0 (20.3) | 100.0 (19.8) | 99.5 (17.1) |
| Diabetes duration, y | 12.7 (10.6) | 11.6 (10.0) | 8.4 (6.5) |
| Diabetes treatment, % | |||
| Insulin only | 32.1 | 25.5 | 26.5 |
| Oral hypoglycemic only | 57.1 | 53.2 | 46.9 |
| Combination insulin, orals | 8.9 | 17.0 | 24.5 |
| No diabetes medication | 1.8 | 4.3 | 2.04 |
| HbA1c, % | 9.6 (2.9) | 9.7 (3.1) | 10.2 (2.5) |
| Triglyceride, mg/dl | 134.3 (1.8) | 134.3 (1.8) | 125.2 (1.6) |
| Total cholesterol, mg/dl | 217.3 (57.9) | 198.9 (39.6) | 198.6 (47.4) |
| LDL cholesterol, mg/dl | 129.1 (48.6) | 115.1 (37.3) | 119.0 (41.0) |
| HDL cholesterol, mg/dl | 52.4 (16.2) | 51.7 (15.6) | 48.4 (10.4) |
| Systolic blood pressure, mm Hg | 143.2 (17.9) | 136.9 (15.9) | 139.7 (14.6) |
| Diastolic blood pressure, mm Hg | 81.0 (13.1) | 81.2 (8.3) | 83.0 (8.7) |
| Hypertension, % | 80.4 | 78.7 | 73.5 |
Note. POWER = Pounds Off With Empowerment; mm Hg = millimeter mercury; HBA1c = glycated hemoglobin; LDL = low-density lipoprotein; HDL = high-density lipoprotein.