TABLE 1—
Univariate and Bivariate Distributions of Study Variables Among Black and White Women in the CARDIA Study, 1992–1995
| Black Women | White Women | |||||
| Total (n = 152) | Preterm (n = 32) | LBW (n = 14) | Total (n = 200) | Preterm (n = 20) | LBW (n = 5) | |
| Preterm delivery, % | 21.1 | 100.0 | 84.6 | 10.0 | 100.0 | 60.0 |
| LBW, % | 9.0 | 39.3 | 100.0 | 2.5 | 15.0 | 100.0 |
| Mean age, y, at year 10 examination (SD) | 33.1 (3.3) | 33.4 (3.2) | 34.1 (2.6) | 34.8 (3.2) | 36.0 (3.0) | 35.6 (2.7) |
| Education, % | ||||||
| Less than college | 75.3 | 81.3 | 76.9 | 29.4 | 40.0 | 25.0 |
| College or more | 24.7 | 18.8 | 23.1 | 70.6 | 60.0 | 75.0 |
| Income, $, % | ||||||
| < 24 999 | 44.2 | 48.4 | 41.7 | 12.2 | 15.8 | 0.0 |
| 25 000–49 999 | 37.4 | 35.5 | 33.3 | 31.6 | 42.1 | 50.0 |
| ≥ 50 000 | 18.4 | 16.1 | 25.0 | 56.1 | 42.1 | 50.0 |
| Married, % | 58.3 | 50.0 | 38.5 | 81.9 | 75.0 | 100.0 |
| Mean pregnancy weight gain, kg (SD) | 13.3 (6.6) | 12.3 (7.0) | 10.4 (7.2) | 15.0 (4.8) | 13.3 (5.1) | 13.4 (3.6) |
| Mean net weight gain, kg (SD) | 10.1 (6.5) | 10.0 (6.9) | 8.4 (7.2) | 11.5 (4.7) | 10.4 (5.2) | 11.5 (3.7) |
| Racial discrimination experiences, % | ||||||
| ≥3 | 41.9 | 50.0 | 61.5 | 5.0 | 5.0 | 0.0 |
| 1–2 | 33.1 | 37.5 | 30.8 | 23.5 | 35.0 | 40.0 |
| 0 | 25.0 | 12.5 | 7.7 | 71.5 | 60.0 | 60.0 |
| Does something about unfair treatment, % | 79.1 | 78.1 | 84.6 | 86.5 | 100.0 | 80.0 |
| Mean depressive symptomatology score (SD) | 13.0 (8.5) | 16.9 (11.2) | 15.0 (8.3) | 9.9 (7.4) | 9.8 (10.3) | 9.3 (8.2) |
| Prepregnancy smoking status, % | ||||||
| Never smoked | 68.4 | 56.3 | 38.5 | 57.0 | 35.0 | 40.0 |
| Former smoker | 7.9 | 9.4 | 15.4 | 27.5 | 35.0 | 40.0 |
| Current smoker | 23.7 | 34.4 | 46.2 | 15.5 | 30.0 | 20.0 |
| Prepregnancy alcohol consumption, % | 67.6 | 50.0 | 61.5 | 90.0 | 85.0 | 100.0 |
| Toxemia, % | 15.3 | 19.4 | 23.1 | 6.0 | 5.0 | 0.0 |
| Gestational high blood pressure, % | 8.6 | 9.7 | 23.1 | 2.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 |
| Parity, mean (SD) | 2.6 (1.5) | 2.4 (1.2) | 2.6 (1.3) | 2.0 (1.0) | 2.2 (1.3) | 2.6 (1.5) |
| Mean gestational age, wk (SD) | 38.7 (3.0) | 34.2 (2.3) | 34.7 (3.3) | 39.3 (1.9) | 35.3 (1.7) | 35.6 (4.2) |
| Mean birthweight, kg (SD) | 3.3 (0.6) | 2.7 (0.7) | 2.1 (0.5) | 3.5 (0.5) | 2.9 (0.7) | 1.9 (0.5) |
Note. LBW = low birthweight. Significant Black–White differences (P < .05; 2-tailed t test or χ2 test) were found for all variables other than response to unfair treatment. Numbers of participants missing data varied according to characteristic and were small (between 1% and 5% of the cohort) except in the case of pregnancy weight gain, in which 10% of the cohort was missing data.