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Different types of interactions in a schematic reaction-norm picture. Average (standard mean) allelic effects at various loci under “old” and “new” conditions (change of the environment or the genetic background) are shown. Left, αi ≡ 0 and β ≠ 0 leading to a one-sided spread of lines (canalization scenario). Right, αi > 0 and β = 0 leading to line crossing (variable interaction scenario).
