TABLE 2—
Odds Ratios and 95% Confidence Intervals for Fixed Parameters From Models 1, 2, and 3 Analyzing Neighborhood Heterogeneity in Associations Between Mortality, Race/Ethnicity, and Area Poverty: Massachusetts, 1989–1991
| OR (95% CI) | |||
| Model 1 | Model 2 | Model 3 | |
| Individual-level predictors | |||
| Main effect | |||
| Age, y | |||
| 0–14 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| 15–24 | 0.64 (0.54, 0.75) | 0.64 (0.54, 0.75) | 0.64 (0.54, 0.75) |
| 25–44 | 1.82 (1.63, 2.03) | 1.81 (1.62, 2.02) | 1.81 (1.62, 2.02) |
| 45–64 | 13.92 (12.59, 15.38) | 13.89 (12.56, 15.36) | 13.87 (12.53, 15.36) |
| ≥65 | 119.46 (108.36, 131.70) | 119.22 (108.09, 131.51) | 118.99 (107.77, 131.36) |
| Gender | |||
| Female | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Male | 1.25 (1.11, 1.41) | 1.25 (1.11, 1.41) | 1.25 (1.11, 1.41) |
| Race/ethnicity | |||
| White | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Black | 1.96 (1.65, 2.33) | 1.30 (1.08, 1.56) | 0.72 (0.53, 0.98) |
| Other | 1.47 (1.21, 1.78) | 0.98 (0.80, 1.21) | 0.54 (0.39, 0.74) |
| Interaction effect | |||
| Male, 15–24 y | 2.56 (2.12, 3.09) | 2.57 (2.12, 3.10) | 2.57 (2.12, 3.11) |
| Black | 0.95 (0.75, 1.22) | 0.97 (0.75, 1.24) | 0.97 (0.75, 1.24) |
| Other | 0.63 (0.47, 0.84) | 0.66 (0.48, 0.90) | 0.64 (0.47, 0.87) |
| Male, 25–44 y | 1.93 (1.69, 2.21) | 1.94 (1.70, 2.22) | 1.95 (1.70, 2.23) |
| Black | 0.90 (0.74, 1.08) | 0.92 (0.76, 1.11) | 0.93 (0.77, 1.12) |
| Other | 0.73 (0.59, 0.90) | 0.78 (0.63, 0.97) | 0.81 (0.65, 1.00) |
| Male,45–64 y | 1.38 (1.22, 1.56) | 1.38 (1.22, 1.57) | 1.38 (1.22, 1.57) |
| Black | 0.42 (0.35, 0.51) | 0.42 (0.35, 0.50) | 0.43 (0.36, 0.51) |
| Other | 0.28 (0.22, 0.34) | 0.30 (0.24, 0.37) | 0.32 (0.25, 0.40) |
| Male, ≥65 y | 1.04 (0.93, 1.18) | 1.05 (0.93, 1.18) | 1.05 (0.93, 1.18) |
| Black | 0.22 (0.18, 0.26) | 0.21 (0.18, 0.26) | 0.22 (0.18, 0.26) |
| Other | 0.12 (0.10, 0.15) | 0.13 (0.11, 0.17) | 0.14 (0.11, 0.17) |
| Male, Black | 1.01 (0.93, 1.09) | 1.02 (0.94, 1.11) | 1.02 (0.94, 1.11) |
| Male, Other | 1.08 (0.95, 1.23) | 1.10 (0.96, 1.25) | 1.10 (0.96, 1.25) |
| CT-level predictor | |||
| Main effect | |||
| 5%–9.9% poverty | . . . | . . . | 1.05 (1.00, 1.10) |
| 10%–19.9% poverty | . . . | . . . | 1.23 (1.16, 1.30) |
| 20%–100% poverty | . . . | . . . | 1.42 (1.33, 1.51) |
| Cross-level interaction effect (individual race and CT poverty) | |||
| White, 0%–4.9% poverty | . . . | . . . | 1.00 |
| Black, 5%–9.9% poverty | . . . | . . . | 1.67 (1.24, 2.26) |
| Black, 10%–19.9% poverty | . . . | . . . | 2.34 (1.76, 3.12) |
| Black, 20%–100% poverty | . . . | . . . | 3.00 (2.28, 3.94) |
| Other, 5%–9.9% poverty | . . . | . . . | 1.32 (0.95, 1.84) |
| Other,10%–19.9% poverty | . . . | . . . | 2.26 (1.67, 3.07) |
| Other, 20%–100% poverty | . . . | . . . | 3.37 (2.56, 4.45) |
Note. OR = odds ratio, CI = confidence interval, CT = census tract. ORs for interaction terms are the unique (additional) effect of a particular variable and do not include the main effect.