TABLE 4—
Effect Sizes for Attributable Fractions (AFs) of All-Cause and Violence-Related Injuries: Meta-Regression Coefficients (95% Confidence Intervals)
| Fixed Effect | Random Effect | |
| All-cause injuries | ||
| AF by positive BAC | ||
| Per capita consumption | −0.0005 (−0.0020, 0.0011) | −0.0004 (−0.0023, 0.0015) |
| Legal drinking age | 0.0037 (−0.0006, 0.0043) | 0.0019 (−0.0013, 0.0052) |
| Legal intoxication level | 0.12 (0.02, 0.22)* | 0.15 (−0.01, 0.31) |
| Stigmatization | −0.006 (−0.013, 0.0001) | −0.009 (−0.018, 0.001) |
| Detrimental pattern | 0.003 (−0.000, 0.006) | 0.005 (0.001, 0.010)* |
| AF by positive self-report | ||
| Per capita consumption | 0.0012 (−0.0009, 0.0032) | 0.0027 (−0.0063, 0.0116) |
| Legal drinking age | 0.0065 (0.0032, 0.0098)*** | 0.0062 (−0.0088, 0.0211) |
| Legal intoxication level | 0.25 (0.06, 0.45)** | 0.58 (−0.65, 1.81) |
| Stigmatization | −0.012 (−0.022, −0.002)* | −0.022 (−0.073, 0.028) |
| Detrimental pattern | 0.008 (0.004, 0.012)*** | 0.008 (−0.013, 0.029) |
| AF by ≥ 5 monthly drinking pattern | ||
| Per capita consumption | 0.0080 (0.0056, 0.0105)*** | 0.0040 (−0.0050, 0.0129) |
| Legal drinking age | 0.0143 (0.0112, 0.0174)*** | 0.0140 (0.0102, 0.0179)*** |
| Legal intoxication level | −0.67 (−1.09, −0.26)** | −0.56 (−1.74, 0.62) |
| Stigmatization | 0.058 (0.044, 0.071)*** | 0.045 (0.026, 0.063)*** |
| Detrimental pattern | 0.009 (0.005, 0.013)*** | 0.006 (−0.016, 0.028) |
| Violence-related injuries | ||
| AF by positive self-report | ||
| Per capita consumption | 0.010 (0.001, 0.020)* | 0.005 (−0.025, 0.035) |
| Legal drinking age | 0.010 (−0.010, 0.030) | −0.005 (−0.063, 0.052) |
| Legal intoxication level | 0.74 (−1.32, 2.81) | −0.46 (−4.11, 5.03) |
| Stigmatization | 0.10 (0.03, 0.17)** | 0.01 (−0.17, 0.20) |
| Detrimental pattern | 0.004 (−0.019, 0.028) | 0.015 (−0.060, 0.089) |
| Homicide rate | −0.0007 (−0.0036, 0.0022) | −0.0012 (−0.0092, 0.0066) |
| AF by ≥ 5 monthly drinking pattern | ||
| Per capita consumption | 0.018 (0.008, 0.028)** | 0.016 (−0.013, 0.044) |
| Legal drinking age | 0.021 (0.002, 0.040)* | −0.012 (−0.068, 0.043) |
| Legal intoxication level | −2.05 (−4.49, 0.39) | −3.52 (−7.78, 0.74) |
| Stigmatization | −0.13 (0.05, 0.21)** | 0.10 (−0.07, 0.27) |
| Detrimental pattern | −0.010 (−0.013, 0.032) | −0.041 (−0.034, 0.117) |
| Homicide rate | −0.001 (−0.008, 0.006) | −0.015 (−0.037, 0.007) |
Note. BAC = blood alcohol concentration.
*P < .05; **P < .01; ***P < .001.