TABLE 4—
Predictors of Ever Smoking, by Nativity Status, Based on Generalized Estimating Equation Analysis
| Mexican Born, Country of Smoking Initiation | |||
| US Born,a OR (95% CI) | US,b OR (95% CI) | Mexico,c OR (95% CI) | |
| Individual-level variable | |||
| Age | 1.01 (1.01, 1.02) | 1.03 (1.01, 1.04) | 1.02 (1.02, 1.03) |
| Gender (female) | 3.40 (2.68, 4.17) | 3.24 (2.44, 4.31) | 7.02 (5.82, 8.44) |
| Education (more than high school) | 1.41 (1.10, 1.82) | 1.06 (0.76, 1.48) | 0.90 (0.72, 1.12) |
| Acculturation scale scored | 1.28 (1.09, 1.51) | 1.31 (1.09, 1.58) | … |
| Age at migratione | … | 0.93 (0.91, 0.94) | … |
| Census variable | |||
| Median age | 1.11 (1.02, 1.21) | 1.02 (0.90, 1.16) | … |
| Percentage Spanish speaking | 1.01 (0.99, 1.03) | 1.02 (0.99, 1.05) | … |
| Percentage born in US | 0.98 (0.96, 1.01) | 1.02 (0.99, 1.05) | … |
| Percentage homeowners | 1.00 (0.98, 1.01) | 0.99 (0.98, 1.01) | … |
| Percentage more than high school education | 1.01 (0.99, 1.03) | 1.00 (0.97, 1.02) | … |
Note. OR = odds ratio; CI = confidence interval.
aNumber of participants: 1509; number of clusters (households): 1156.
bNumber of participants: 2873; number of clusters (households): 2306.
cNumber of participants: 3255; number of clusters (households): 2423.
dRange = 1 to 4, with higher values reflecting higher levels of acculturation.
eRange: 0–60 years.