TABLE 2—
Prevalence of Risk Factors and Health Status Indicators Among Women in the Health Supplement to the Women’s Employment Study (WES-HS) 2000–2001 and in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 1999–2000a
| Age-Standardized Prevalence Rate (95% CI) | Prevalence Ratio (WES-HS/NHANES) (95% CI) | ||
| All women | |||
| NHANES (n = 973) | WES-HS (n = 299) | ||
| Smoking status | |||
| Ever | 0.47 (0.43, 0.50) | 0.63 (0.57, 0.69) | 1.35 (1.18, 1.52) |
| Past | 0.19 (0.16, 0.22) | 0.12 (0.08, 0.16) | 0.62 (0.37, 0.86) |
| Current | 0.27 (0.24, 0.31) | 0.51 (0.44, 0.57) | 1.85 (1.50, 2.19) |
| Obesity and overweight | |||
| BMI, mean | 28.0 (27.4, 28.7) | 32.6 (31.5, 33.7) | 1.2 (1.1, 1.2) |
| Obese (BMI ≥ 30) | 0.32 (0.28, 0.35) | 0.56 (0.50, 0.63) | 1.78 (1.49, 2.08) |
| Overweight (BMI ≥ 25) | 0.57 (0.53, 0.61) | 0.79 (0.74, 0.84) | 1.38 (1.24, 1.51) |
| Waist–hip ratio > 0.8 | 0.74 (0.72, 0.76) | 0.72 (0.66, 0.78) | 0.97 (0.89, 1.05) |
| Hypertension (systolic ≥ 140 or diastolic ≥ 90) | 0.09 (0.07, 0.12) | 0.22 (0.16, 0.27) | 2.36 (1.47, 3.24) |
| High cholesterol ( ≥ 240 mg/dL) | 0.14 (0.10, 0.18) | 0.11 (0.06, 0.15) | 0.75 (0.38, 1.12) |
| Low HDL (≤ 35 mg/dL) | 0.06 (0.05, 0.07) | 0.11 (0.07, 0.15) | 1.91 (1.17, 2.65) |
| C-reactive protein ( ≥ 1 mg/dL) | 0.14 (0.11, 0.16) | 0.18 (0.13, 0.23) | 1.30 (0.86, 1.74) |
| Glycosylated hemoglobin ≥ 6% | 0.05 (0.03, 0.06) | 0.22 (0.17, 0.28) | 4.87 (2.69, 7.04) |
| Doctor’s diagnosis of | |||
| Hypertension | 0.17 (0.14, 0.19) | 0.19 (0.14, 0.25) | 1.14 (0.78, 1.50) |
| Diabetes | 0.03 (0.02, 0.04) | 0.08 (0.04, 0.11) | 2.95 (1.17, 4.73) |
| Breathing problems | 0.20 (0.17, 0.23) | 0.25 (0.19, 0.31) | 1.27 (0.92, 1.62) |
| Arthritis | 0.16 (0.13, 0.19) | 0.37 (0.31, 0.44) | 2.37 (1.76, 2.98) |
| Self-reported health poor/fair | 0.14 (0.11, 0.17) | 0.39 (0.33, 0.46) | 2.79 (2.10, 3.49) |
| White women | |||
| NHANES (n = 650) | WES-HS (n = 140) | ||
| Smoking status | |||
| Ever | 0.49 (0.45, 0.53) | 0.67 (0.58, 0.76) | 1.37 (1.15, 1.59) |
| Past | 0.21 (0.17, 0.24) | 0.10 (0.05, 0.16) | 0.50 (0.23, 0.78) |
| Current | 0.28 (0.24, 0.33) | 0.57 (0.48, 0.66) | 2.00 (1.55, 2.45) |
| Obesity and overweight | |||
| BMI, mean | 27.4 (26.7, 28.1) | 31.8 (30.3, 33.4) | 1.2 (1.1, 1.2) |
| Obese (BMI ≥ 30) | 0.28 (0.24, 0.33) | 0.55 (0.45, 0.64) | 1.93 (1.48, 2.37) |
| Overweight (BMI ≥ 25) | 0.54 (0.49, 0.58) | 0.75 (0.66, 0.83) | 1.39 (1.19, 1.59) |
| Waist–hip ratio > 0.8 | 0.72 (0.70, 0.74) | 0.69 (0.60, 0.77) | 0.95 (0.83, 1.08) |
| Hypertension (systolic ≥ 140 or diastolic ≥ 90) | 0.08 (0.05, 0.10) | 0.19 (0.11, 0.26) | 2.45 (1.10, 3.80 |
| High cholesterol ( > 240 mg/dL) | 0.14 (0.10, 0.18) | 0.13 (0.06, 0.20) | 0.91 (0.35, 1.47) |
| Low HDL (≤ 35 mg/dL) | 0.06 (0.05, 0.06) | 0.19 (0.12, 0.27) | 3.45 (2.01, 4.90) |
| C-reactive protein ( ≥ 1 mg/dL) | 0.14 (0.11, 0.16) | 0.14 (0.08, 0.21) | 1.04 (0.51, 1.57) |
| Glycosylated hemoglobin ≥ 6% | 0.03 (0.01, 0.05) | 0.03 (0.00, 0.06) | 0.93 (0.22, 2.08) |
| Doctor’s diagnosis of | |||
| Hypertension | 0.15 (0.12, 0.18) | 0.18 (0.10, 0.25) | 1.17 (0.64, 1.70) |
| Diabetes | 0.02 (0.01, 0.03) | 0.12 (0.05, 0.18) | 6.99 (1.19, 12.79) |
| Breathing problems | 0.20 (0.16, 0.23) | 0.31 (0.22, 0.40) | 1.57 (1.04, 2.09) |
| Arthritis | 0.16 (0.12, 0.19) | 0.46 (0.37, 0.56) | 2.98 (2.08, 3.88) |
| Self-reported health poor/fair | 0.12 (0.09, 0.15) | 0.38 (0.29, 0.47) | 3.06 (2.01, 4.10) |
| Black women | |||
| NHANES (n = 323) | WES-HS (n = 159) | ||
| Smoking status | |||
| Ever | 0.34 (0.29, 0.39) | 0.59 (0.51, 0.67) | 1.75 (1.38, 2.12) |
| Past | 0.12 (0.08, 0.15) | 0.14 (0.07, 0.20) | 1.18 (0.48, 1.87) |
| Current | 0.22 (0.18, 0.27) | 0.45 (0.36, 0.54) | 2.03 (1.44, 2.62) |
| Obesity and overweight | |||
| BMI, mean | 31.7 (30.7, 32.7) | 33.4 (31.8, 35.0) | 1.1 (1.0, 1.1) |
| Obese (BMI ≥ 30) | 0.49 (0.43, 0.55) | 0.58 (0.49, 0.67) | 1.18 (0.95, 1.41) |
| Overweight (BMI ≥ 25) | 0.76 (0.71, 0.81) | 0.83 (0.77, 0.89) | 1.09 (0.98, 1.20) |
| Waist–hip ratio > 0.8 | 0.81 (0.80, 0.83) | 0.75 (0.68, 0.83) | 0.93 (0.84, 1.02) |
| Hypertension (systolic ≥ 140 or diastolic ≥ 90) | 0.20 (0.14, 0.25) | 0.25 (0.17, 0.33) | 1.28 (0.74, 1.81) |
| High cholesterol ( ≥ 240 mg/dL) | 0.14 (0.07, 0.20) | 0.08 (0.03, 0.14) | 0.62 (0.10, 1.13) |
| Low HDL (≤ 35 mg/dL) | 0.07 (0.06, 0.08) | 0.04 (0.01, 0.08) | 0.63 (0.09, 1.17) |
| C-Reactive protein ( ≥ 1 mg/dL) | 0.16 (0.11, 0.21) | 0.22 (0.14, 0.30) | 1.41 (0.72, 2.09) |
| Glycosylated hemoglobin ≥ 6% | 0.13 (0.09, 0.17) | 0.40 (0.32, 0.49) | 3.14 (1.94, 4.34) |
| Doctor’s diagnosis of | |||
| Hypertension | 0.27 (0.22, 0.33) | 0.21 (0.13, 0.29) | 0.77 (0.44, 1.10) |
| Diabetes | 0.08 (0.04, 0.11) | 0.04 (0.01, 0.07) | 0.53 (0.03, 1.02) |
| Breathing problems | 0.20 (0.15, 0.25) | 0.20 (0.12, 0.28) | 1.01 (0.55, 1.47) |
| Arthritis | 0.17 (0.13, 0.21) | 0.29 (0.21, 0.38) | 1.72 (1.08, 2.36 |
| Self-reported health poor/fair | 0.24 (0.19, 0.28) | 0.41 (0.32, 0.49) | 1.72 (1.23, 2.21) |
Note. CI = confidence interval; BMI=body mass index; HDL=high-density lipoprotein cholesterol.
aFor the waist–hip ratio and low HDL measures, the most recent available data were from the second phase of NHANES III (1991–1994). The sample sizes of all women, White women, and Black women for these 2 measures were n = 2891, n = 1740, and n = 1151, respectively.