TABLE 3—

Low Birthweight Rates Among Births to Prenatal Plus Deliverers

	Successful Resolvers of Risk		Nonresolvers of Risk
	na	% LBW	nb	% LBW	P
Smoking c	508	8.5	489	13.7	<.01
Inadequate weight gaind	809	6.7	495	17.2	<.001
Psychosocial problemse	1000	8.5	848	10.7	NS
Inadequate weight gain and psychosocial problems	389	5.1	248	14.5	<.001
Smoking and inadequate weight gain	177	9.0	125	20.8	<.01
Smoking and psychosocial problems	240	6.7	227	18.5	<.001
Smoking, inadequate weight gain, and psychosocial problems	93	3.2	81	18.5	<.001
Any f	848	7.0	545	13.2	<.001

Note. NS = not significant.

^an = the number of infants born to women with initial risks who successfully resolved those risks. The number is slightly higher than the n in the Total Resolving Risk column in Table 2 ▶ because a few women had twins.

^bn = the number of infants born to women with initial risks who did not reduce or eliminate those risks.

^cSmoking risk was defined as the participant reporting smoking during pregnancy at any time after conception, including prior to pregnancy confirmation. Smoking risk was considered resolved if the client reports no smoking at the end of pregnancy. Smoking risk was considered unresolved if the client smoked any amount at the end of pregnancy.

^dInadequate prenatal weight gain risk was defined as weight gain during the current pregnancy that was below the appropriate weight gain grid line, any weight loss below pregravid weight, or weight loss ≥ 2 pounds in the second or third trimester. Inadequate weight gain risk was resolved if the client gained within the recommended weight range according to prepregnancy Body Mass Index status and gained at or above the appropriate weight gain grid line on a prenatal weight gain grid. The risk was unresolved if the client’s total weight gain was below the recommended total weight gain range, or if the client continued to gain at a rate below the appropriate weight gain grid line or had additional weight loss.

^ePsychosocial risk was defined as experiencing significant or severe stress as a result of personal/family safety needs, lack of support systems, or an inability to meet basic needs. Examples of psychosocial risk include, but are not limited to: domestic violence; sexual assault; child abuse/neglect; lack of food, clothing or shelter; lack of transportation; lack of family/biological father’s support/involvement; or diagnosable mental illness. Psychosocial risk was resolved if the client had taken action (with the help of referrals from the Prenatal Plus staff) to address the problem and the problem had been resolved so that it was no longer causing severe stress or it no longer existed. Psychosocial risk was considered unresolved if the client had not taken action to address the problem or problems that were still causing severe stress.

^f Infants of mothers who either resolved or did not resolve any combination of risk factors. For example, if the infant’s mother had all 3 risk factors, either all 3 were resolved or none were resolved.