TABLE 3.

Evolutionary rates of nucleotide substitution (×10⁻⁹/site/year)

Branch	MY	RH1	Significance	SWS1	Significance	LWS
a–b	300	ds = 0.60 ± 0.077	≪	1.53 ± 0.256	≫	0.80 ± 0.103
dn = 0.10 ± 0.013	≪	0.30 ± 0.026	≫	0.06 ± 0.010
b–human	100	ds = 2.00 ± 0.035	≫	0.50 ± 0.066	3.10 ± 1.948
dn = 0.10 ± 0.013	≪	0.30 ± 0.026	≫	0.20 ± 0.020
b–elephant	100	ds = 2.10 ± 0.531	2.20 ± 0.597	>	1.00 ± 0.134
		dn = 0.10 ± 0.013	≪	0.40 ± 0.032	≫	0.30 ± 0.026

Standard errors were computed from [9p(1 − p)/{(3 − 4p)²n}]^1/2, where p is the proportion of sites that differ and n is the number of nucleotide sites involved (Kimura and Ohta 1972). The d_s and d_n values indicate the rates of nucleotide substitution at ∼200 synonymous and ∼616 nonsynonymous sites, respectively. Single and double inequality signs indicate that the differences are significant at 5 and 1% levels, respectively.